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[[Category:Yemen governorate templates]]
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=ม้วนภาพ=
'''ม้วนภาพ''' ({{lang-en|handscroll}}) เป็น[[ม้วนกระดาษ]]ยาว, แคบ, แนวนอนในเอเชียตะวันออกที่ใช้ทำอักษรวิจิตรหรือวาดรูป ม้วนภาพมักยาวหลายเมตร และสูงประมาณ 25–40 เซนติเมตร<ref name=dillon>{{cite book|last=Dillon|first=Michael|title=China: A historical and cultural dictionary|year=1998|publisher=Curzon|location=Richmond|isbn=978-0-7007-0439-2|page=273|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VA5tKw11K8YC}}</ref> Handscrolls are generally viewed starting from the right end.<ref name=lai104>{{cite book|last=Laing|first=Ellen Johnston|title=Reading Asian art and artifacts: Windows to Asia on American college campuses|publisher=Lehigh University Press|location=Plymouth|isbn=9781611460704|pages=104|chapter=Chinese Painting}}</ref> This kind of scroll is intended to be read or viewed flat on a table, in sections.<ref name=lai104/><ref name=qu>{{cite book|last=Qu|first=Lei Lei|title=The simple art of Chinese brush painting|year=2008|publisher=Sterling|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4027-5391-6|pages=58–9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GGFRtpz5WmYC}}</ref> The format thus allows for the depiction of a continuous narrative or journey.<ref name=delbanco>Delbanco, Dawn (2008). [http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/chhs/hd_chhs.htm "Chinese Handscrolls"]. In ''Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History''. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 24 September 2011.</ref>
The traditional alternative format in East Asian painting is the vertical [[hanging scroll]], which is rarely as long.
==History==
[[File:NEZAME MONOGATARI1 handscroll.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Japanese, section of the ''[[Nezame Monogatari Emaki]]'', 12th century]]
According to the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], handscrolls are believed to have been invented in India before the fourth century BCE, although no examples survive. They were used for religious texts and entered China by the first century CE.<ref>Willmann</ref> According to the [[National Palace Museum]] in Taipei, the handscroll format originated with ancient Chinese text documents.<ref name=npm>{{cite web|quote=The origins of the handscroll format lie in the ancient texts and documents of China.|url=http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/exhbition/ehan0101/ehan0101.htm|title=Famous Handscroll Paintings and Calligraphic Works|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801134702/http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/exhbition/ehan0101/ehan0101.htm|archivedate=1 August 2020|publisher=Taipei: National Palace Museum|accessdate=24 September 2011}}</ref> From the [[Spring and Autumn period]] (770–481 BCE) through the [[Han dynasty]] (206 BCE – 220 CE), [[Bamboo and wooden slips|bamboo or wooden slips]] were bound together and used to write texts on.<ref name=npm/> During the [[Eastern Han]] period (25–220), the use of [[paper]] and [[silk]] in the handscroll format became more common.<ref name=npm/> The handscroll was the one of the main formats for texts up until the [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907).<ref name=npm/> From the [[Three Kingdoms]] period (220–280), the handscroll became a standard format for paintings.<ref name=npm/> New styles were developed over time.<ref name=npm/>
Handscrolls were introduced to Japan centuries later through the spread of Buddhism. The earliest extant Japanese handscroll was created in the eighth century and deals with the life of the Buddha. Japanese horizontal picture scrolls are called [[emakimono]] (or ''emaki''), and more often cover narrative subjects than their Chinese equivalents.<ref>Willmann</ref>
==Description==
A handscroll has a backing of protective and decorative silk (包首) usually bearing a small title label (題籤) on it.<ref name=npm/> In Chinese art, the handscroll usually consists of a frontispiece (引首) at the beginning (right side), the artwork (畫心) itself in the middle, and a colophon section (拖尾) at the end for various inscriptions.<ref name=delbanco/><ref name=npm/><ref name=artchicago>{{cite web|title=Chinese Scrolls|url=http://www.artic.edu/taoism/diag-scrolls.php|publisher=The Art Institute of Chicago|accessdate=25 September 2011}}</ref> The beginning of the scroll, where the frontispiece was located, is known as the "heaven" (天頭).<ref name=npm/> Vertical strips (隔水) are sometimes used to separate the different sections.<ref name=npm/> Most handscrolls contain only one painting, although several short paintings can also be mounted on the scroll.<ref name=npm/> At the beginning of the scroll is a wooden stave (天杆), which serves as a support.<ref name=npm/> A silk cord (帶子) and a fastener (別子) is attached to the stave and used to secure the rolled-up scroll.<ref name=npm/> A wooden roller (木杆) is attached at the very end, around which the scroll is rolled.<ref name=npm/>
==Examples==
{{wide image|Gu Kaizhi 001.jpg|2000px|The extant nine scenes of the ''[[Admonitions of the Court Instructress]]'', scene 4 at the right to scene 12 at the left|dir=rtl}}
{{wide image|Alongtheriver QingMing.jpg|3200px|Panorama of ''[[Along the River During the Qingming Festival]]'' by [[Zhang Zeduan]] (1085–1145)|dir=rtl}}
{{wide image|15 Qian Xuan Eight Flowers National Palace Museum Beijing.JPG|1200px|''Eight Flowers'' by [[Qian Xuan]] (1235–1305)|dir=rtl}}
{{wide image|Anonymous-Ten Thousand Miles of the Yangtze River.jpg|5000px|''Ten Thousand Miles of the Yangtze River'', [[Ming Dynasty]] (1368–1644)|dir=rtl}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite web |last1=Willmann |first1=Anna |title=Japanese Illustrated Handscrolls |series=Timeline of Art History |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jilh/hd_jilh.htm |website=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=9 December 2020 |date=November 2012 |year=2012n }}
==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Commons category|Hand scrolls}}
*[http://scrolls.uchicago.edu/ Digital Scrolling Paintings Project]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131203050417/http://tech2.npm.gov.tw/sung/moreinfo/index.htm#5 MoreInfo: Formats (Mounting)]. National Palace Museum. (for a diagram of the components of a handscroll)
[[Category:Arts in China]]
[[Category:Books by type]]
[[Category:Chinese art]]
[[Category:Chinese inventions]]
[[Category:Chinese painting]]
[[Category:East Asian art]]
[[Category:East Asian calligraphy]]
[[Category:Manuscripts by type]]
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