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ผลต่างระหว่างรุ่นของ "หมู่ฟังก์ชัน"

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ตารางต่อไปนี้แสดงหมู่ฟังก์ชันนัลที่พบได้บ่อย ๆ ในวิชา[[เคมีอินทรีย์]] [[สูตรโครงสร้าง]]ของหมู่ฟังก์ชันจะใช้สํญลักษณ์ R และ R' แทนกลุ่มของอะตอมใด ๆ ซึ่งโดยทั่วไปแล้วหมายถึงส่วนที่เหลือของโมเลกุลที่มีหมู่ฟังก์ชันนั้นเป็นส่วนประกอบ
 
 
{| border="1" bordercolor="black" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
เส้น 13 ⟶ 12:
! bgcolor="#F5F2E9" | ปัจจัย
|-
| align = "center" | [[แอลกอฮอล์]] (Alcohol)
| align = "center" | [[ไฮดรอกซิล]] (Hydroxyl)
| align = "center" | R−OH || align="center" | hydroxy-
| align = "center" | -ol
|-
| align = "center" | [[อัลเคน]] (Alkanes)
| align = "center" | [[เมตทิล]] (Methyl)
| align = "center" | R−CH<sub>3</sub>
| align = "center" | methyl- (''similarly for higher alkyl substituents:'' ethyl, propyl, butyl, ''etc.'')
| align = "center" | &nbsp;
|-
| align = "center" | [[อัลคีน]] (Alkenes)
| align = "center" | [[อัลคีน]] (Alkene)
| align = "center" | R−CH=CH−R'
| align = "center" | ''convert the part substituting for '''alk''' in the name of the'' alkane ''into the '''alk''' of the word'' alkene: '''eth'''ane/'''eth'''ene, '''prop'''ane/'''prop'''ene, '''but'''ane/'''but'''ene, ''etc.''
| align = "center" | -ene
|-
| align = "center" | [[อัลไคน์]] (Alkynes)
| align = "center" | [[อัลไคน์]] (Alkyne)
| align = "center" | R−C&equiv;C−R'
| align = "center" | ''convert the part substituting for '''alk''' in the name of the'' alkane ''into the '''alk''' of the word'' alkyne: '''eth'''ane/'''eth'''yne, '''prop'''ane/'''prop'''yne, '''but'''ane/'''but'''yne, ''etc.''
| align = "center" | -yne
|-
| align = "center" | เอไมด์ (Amide)
| align = "center" | [[เอไมด์]] (Amide)
| align = "center" | R−C (=O) N (−H) −R'
| align = "center" | ''name according to the parent amine and acid, respectively:'' '''alkyl alkanamide'''
| align = "center" | &nbsp;
|-
| align = "center" rowspan="3" | เอมีน (Amines)
| align = "center" | [[ไพรมารี่เอมีน]] (primary Amine)
| align = "center" | R−NH<sub>2</sub> || align="center" | amino-
| align = "center" | -amine
|-
| align = "center" | [[เซคันดารีเอมีน]] (secondary Amine)
| align = "center" | R−N (−H) −R' || align="center" | amino-
| align = "center" | -amine
|-
| align = "center" | [[เทอเชียรีเอมีน]] (tertiary Amine)
| align = "center" | R−N (−R') −R || align="center" | amino-
| align = "center" | -amine
|-
| align = "center" | อะโซ (Azo)
| align = "center" | [[สารประกอบ อะโซ|อะโซ]] (Azo compound)
| align = "center" | R-N=N-R' || align="center" | &nbsp;
| align = "center" | &nbsp;
|-
| align = "center" | &#12288;
| align = "center" | [[ไนไตรล์]] (Nitrile)
| align = "center" | R−C&equiv;N || align="center" | cyano-
| align = "center" | &nbsp;
|-
| align = "center" | &#12288; || align="center" | [[ไนโตร]] (Nitro)
| align = "center" | R−NO<sub>2</sub>
| align = "center" | nitro- || align="center" | &nbsp;
|-
| align = "center" | &#12288;
| align = "center" | [[ไนโตรโซ]] (Nitroso)
| align = "center" | R−N=O || align="center" | nitroso-
| align = "center" | &nbsp;
|-
| align = "center" | &#12288;
| align = "center" | [[ไพริดิล]] (Pyridyl)
| align = "center" | R−C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>N
| align = "center" | &nbsp; || align="center" | &nbsp;
|-
| align = "center" | [[กรดคาร์บอกซิลิก]] (Carboxylic acid)
| align = "center" | [[คาร์บอกซิล]] (Carboxyl)
| align = "center" | R−C (=O) OH
<sup>''non-ionized''</sup><br>
 
R−C (=O) O<sup>−</sup><br>
<sup>''ionized''</sup>
| align = "center" | carboxy- || align="center" | -oic acid
| align = "center" | [[เพอร์ออกไซด์]] (Peroxide)
| align = "center" | [[เปอร์ออกซี]] (Peroxy)
| align = "center" | R-O-O-R || align="center" | &nbsp;
| align = "center" | &nbsp;
|-
| align = "center" rowspan="2" | [[คาร์บอนิล]] (Carbonyl)
| align = "center" | [[อัลดีไฮด์]] (Aldehyde)
| align = "center" | R−C (=O) H || align="center" | &nbsp;
| align = "center" | -al
|-
| align = "center" | [[คีโตน]] (Ketone) || align="center" | R−C (=O) −R'
| align = "center" | keto- || align="center" | -one
|-
| align = "center" rowspan="2" | [[อิมีน]] (Imine)
| align = "center" | [[ไพรมารีอิมีน]] (primary Imine)
| align = "center" | R−C (=NH) −R' || align="center" | imino-
| align = "center" | -imine
|-
| align = "center" | [[เซคันดารีอิมีน]] (secondary Imine)
| align = "center" | R−C (−H) =N−R' || align="center" | imino-
| align = "center" | -imine
|-
| align = "center" | อีเทอร์ (Ether)
| align = "center" | [[อีเทอร์]] (Ether)
| align = "center" | R−O−R'
| align = "center" | ''named according to the parent alcohols, respectively:'' '''alkylalkylether'''
| align = "center" | &nbsp;
|-
| align = "center" | เอสเตอร์ (Ester)
| align = "center" | [[เอสเตอร์]] (Ester)
| align = "center" | R−C (=O) O−R'
| align = "center" | ''named according to the parent alcohol and acid, respectively:'' '''alkyl alkanoate'''
| align = "center" | &nbsp;
|-
| align = "center" | ฮาโลเจน (Halogens)
| align = "center" | [[ฮาโลเจน]] (Halogen)
| align = "center" | F, Cl, Br, etc.
| align = "center" | fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, or iodo- (also halo- for general)
| align = "center" | (hal) ide
|-
| align = "center" rowspan="2" | ไอโซไซยาเนต (Isocyanates)
| align = "center" | [[ไอโซไซยาเนต]] (Isocyanate)
| align = "center" | R−N=C=O
| align = "center" | '''alkyl isocyanate'''
| align = "center" | &nbsp;
|-
| align = "center" | [[ไอโซไทโอไซยาเนต]] (Isothiocyanate)
| align = "center" | R−N=C=S
| align = "center" | '''alkyl isothiocyanate'''
| align = "center" | &nbsp;
|-
| align = "center" | ฟีนิล (Phenyl)
| align = "center" | [[ฟีนิล]] (Phenyl)
| align = "center" | R−C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>
| align = "center" | &nbsp; || align="center" | &nbsp;
|-
| align = "center" | เบนซิล (Benzyl)
| align = "center" | [[เบนซิล]] (Benzyl)
| align = "center" | R−CH<sub>2</sub>−C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>
| align = "center" | เบนซิล (benzyl) || align="center" | &nbsp;
|-
| align = "center" | &#12288;
| align = "center" | [[ฟอสโฟไดเอสเตอร์]]
| align = "center" | R−OP (=O) <sub>2</sub>O−R'
| align = "center" | &nbsp; || align="center" | &nbsp;
|-
| align = "center" | [[ไทออล]] (Thiol)
| align = "center" | [[ซัลฟ์ไฮดริล]] (Sulfhydryl)
| align = "center" | R−SH || align="center" | &nbsp;
| align = "center" | -thiol
|-
| align = "center" | &#12288;
| align = "center" | [[ไทโออีเทอร์]] (Thioether)
| align = "center" | R−S−R' || align="center" | &nbsp;
| align = "center" | &nbsp;
|}
 
เข้าถึงจาก "https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/หมู่ฟังก์ชัน"