ผลต่างระหว่างรุ่นของ "ภาษาสันสกฤต"
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บรรทัด 110:
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!''{{IAST|kaṇṭhatālavya}}''<br>(Palatoguttural)
| style="background:#ffdec1; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|und-Deva|เอ}}
|{{IAST|e}}/ē
| style="background:#ffdec1; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|und-Deva|ไอ}}
|{{IAST|ai}}
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!''{{IAST|kaṇṭhoṣṭhya}}''<br>(Labioguttural)
| style="background:#ffdec1; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|und-Deva|โอ}}
|{{IAST|o}}/ō
| style="background:#ffdec1; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|und-Deva|เอา}}
|{{IAST|au}}
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!''(consonantal allophones)''
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|und-Deva|อํ}}
|{{IAST|aṃ}}/aṁ<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Masica|1991|p=146}} notes of this diacritic that "there is some controversy as to whether it represents a homorganic [[nasal stop]] [...], a [[nasalized vowel|nasalised vowel]], a nasalised [[semivowel]], or all these according to context".</ref>
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|und-Deva|◌}}
|{{IAST|aḥ}}<ref>This ''visarga'' is a consonant, not a vowel. It's a post-vocalic [[voiceless glottal fricative]] {{IPA|[h]}}, and an [[allophone]] of ''{{IAST|s}}'' (or less commonly ''{{IAST|r}}'') usually in word-final position. Some traditions of recitation append an echo of the preceding vowel after the [h] ({{Harvcoltxt|Wikner|1996|p=6}}): <span style="font-size:14pt;">{{lang|und-Deva|इः}}</span> {{IPA|[ihi]}}. {{Harvcoltxt|Masica|1991|p=146}} considers the ''visarga'', along with letters <span style="font-size:14pt;">{{lang|und-Deva|ङ}}</span> ''{{IAST|ṅa}}'' and <span style="font-size:14pt;">{{lang|und-Deva|ञ}}</span> ''{{IAST|ña}}'', for the "largely predictable" [[velar nasal|velar]] and [[palatal nasal]]s, to be examples of "phonetic overkill in the [writing] system".</ref>
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According to Masica, Sanskrit has four traditional semivowels, with which were classed, "for morphophonemic reasons, the liquids: y, r, l, and v; that is, as y and v were the non-syllabics corresponding to i, u, so were r, l in relation to r̥ and l̥".{{sfn|Colin P. Masica|1993|pp=160-161}} The northwestern, the central and the eastern Sanskrit dialects have had a historic confusion between "r" and "l". The Paninian system that followed the central dialect preserved the distinction, likely out of reverence for the Vedic Sanskrit that distinguished the "r" and "l". However, the northwestern dialect only had "r", while the eastern dialect probably only had "l", states Masica. Thus literary works from different parts of ancient India appear inconsistent in their use of "r" and "l", resulting in doublets that is occasionally semantically differentiated.{{sfn|Colin P. Masica|1993|pp=160-161}}
== นักภาษาสันสกฤตในประเทศไทย ==
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