ผลต่างระหว่างรุ่นของ "ซูโจว"

[[Sima Qian]]'s ''[[Records of the Grand Historian]]'' records traditional accounts that the [[Zhou dynasty|Z(Zhou)]] lord [[Wu Taibo|T(Taibo)]] established the [[state of Wu|s(state of Wu)]] at nearby [[Wuxi|อู่ซี (Wuxi)]] during the 11th11th century BC, civilizing the local people and improving their agriculture and mastery of irrigation. The Wu court later moved to '''Gusu''' within the area of modern Suzhou. This town was also known as '''Wu''' from the name of its kingdom. In 514 BC, [[King Helü of Wu|K(King Helü)]] of Wu established a new capital at '''Helü City'''; it was this site that grew into present-day Suzhou. In 496 BC, King Helü was buried at [[Tiger Hill, Suzhou|T(Tiger Hill)]]. In 473 BC, Wu was defeated and annexed by [[State of Yue|Yue]], a kingdom to its southeast; Yue was annexed in turn by [[State of Chu|C(Chu)]] in 306 BC.ปี ก่อนคริสตกาล Remnants of the ancient kingdom include pieces of its 2,500-year-old city wall and the gate through it at [[Pan Gate|P(Pan Gate)]].

During the [[Warring States period]], the city was known as '''[[Wu County|เทศมณฑลอู๋ (Wu&nbsp;County)]]''' (''Wuxian'') or '''Wu&nbsp;[[Commandery (China)|Commandery]]''' (''Wujun''<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11384/ |title = Supplement to the Local Gazetteer of Wu Prefecture |website = [[World Digital Library]] |year = 1134 |accessdate = 2013-09-06 }}</ref>). Under the [[Qin dynasty|ราชวงศ์ฉิน]], this was changed to '''Kuaiji'''. [[Xiang Yu|X(Xiang Yu)]] staged his 209&nbsp;BC uprising there, contributing to the [[fall of Qin|overthrow of Qin]].

When the [[Grand Canal of China|G(Grand Canal)]] was completed, Suzhou found itself strategically located on a major trade route. In the course of the [[history of China|hประวัติศาสตร์จีนistory of China]], it has been a metropolis of industry and commerce on the southeastern coast of China. During the [[Tang dynasty|ราชวงศ์ถัง]], the great poet [[Bai Juyi|ไป๋จวีอี้ (Bai&nbsp;Juyi)]] constructed the Shantang&nbsp;Canal (better known as "[[Shantang Street]]") to connect the city with Tiger Hill for tourists. In AD&nbsp;1035, the [[temple of Confucius|t(temple of Confucius)]] was founded by famed poet and writer [[Fan Zhongyan|F(Fan Zhongyan)]]. It became a venue for the [[keju|i(imperial civil examinations)]] and then developed into the modern [[Suzhou High School|S(Suzhou High School)]] in 1910s1910s.

In February of เดือนกุมภาพันธ์ ปี ค.ศ. 1130, the advancing [[Jin Dynasty, 1115–12341115–1234|J(Jin)]] army from the north ransacked the city. This was followed by the [[Mongol invasion of China|M(Mongol invasion)]] in ในปี ค.ศ. 1275. In และในปี ค.ศ. 1356, ซูโจวได้กลายเป็นเมืองหลวงของ Suzhou became the capital of [[Zhang Shicheng|จาง (Zhang Shicheng)]], one of the leaders of the [[Red Turban Rebellion|R(Red Turban Rebellion)]] against the [[Yuan dynasty|ราชวงศ์หยวน]] and the self-proclaimed King of [[Kingdom of Dazhou|Wuอู๋]]. In ต่อมาในปี ค.ศ. 1367, Zhang's [[Nanjing|Nหนานจิงanjing]]-based rival [[Zhu Yuanzhang|Z(Zhu Yuanzhang)]] took the city after a 10-month siege. Zhu {{ndash}} who was soon to proclaim himself the [[Hongwu Emperor|first emperor]] of the [[Ming Dynasty]] {{ndash}} demolished the royal city in the center of Suzhou's walled city and imposed crushing taxes on the city and prefecture's powerful families.<ref>Johnson, Linda C. ''[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Q_BIEPeKHgAC Cities of Jiangnan in Late Imperial China]'', pp. 26{{ndash}}27. SUNY Press, 1993. ISBN 0-7914-1423-X, 9780791414231.</ref> Despite the heavy taxation and the resettlement of some of Suzhou's prominent citizens' to the area of Hongwu's capital at Nanjing, Suzhou was soon prosperous again.

When the shipwrecked Korean official [[Choe Bu|C(Choe Bu)]] had a chance to see much of ตะวันออกของประเทศจีน จาก ถึง Eastern China from Zhejiang to Liaoning on his way home in ในปี 1488 เจาได้อธิบายเมืองซูโจวไว้ในบันทึกการเดินทางของเขาไว้ว่า , he described Suzhou in his travel report as exceeding every other city.<ref>Brook, Timothy. ''[[The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China]]''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988. ISBN 0-520-22154-0. Page 45.</ref> Many of the famous private gardens were constructed by the gentry of the [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing]] dynasties. However, the city was to see another disaster in 1860 when [[Taiping rebellion|Taiping]] soldiers captured the city. Inในเดือนพฤศจิกายน Novemberปี ค.ศ. 1863, the [[Ever-Victorious Army|E(Ever-Victorious Army)]] of [[Charles George Gordon|C(Charles Gordon)]] recaptured the city from the Taiping forces.

The next crisis was the [[Second Sino-Japanese War|J(Japanese invasion)]] in ในปี ค.ศ.1937. Many gardens were devastated by the end of the war. In the early 1950s1950s, restoration was done on gardens such as the [[Humble Administrator's Garden|H(Humble Administrator's Garden)]] and the [[Lingering Garden|L(Lingering Garden)]] to bring them back to life.

[[Shantang Street|ถนนซานถัง]] (山塘街) มีความยาว 7 "ลี้ (li)" (ประมาณ 2 ไมล์ {{convert|2|mi|abbr=out|disp=output only}}) ถนนสายนี้เดิมในอดีตเคยถูกเรียกว่า ไป๋กงตี้ เมื่อ[[Bai Juyi|ไป๋จวีอี้ีี]] (อังกฤษ: Bai Juyi; อักษรจีนตัวย่อ: 白居易, 772–846) กวีที่มีชื่อเสียงในสมัย[[Tang Dynasty|ราชวงศ์ถัง]]ได้รีบการแต่งตั้งเป็นนายกเทศมนตรีของเมืองซูโจวในขณะนั้น เป็นผู้ควบคุมการขุดคลองและ่ก่อสร้างถนนในบริเวณนี้ของเมืองขึ้นเพื่อเชื่อมต่อกับ[[Tiger Hill, Suzhou|เขาหูชิว (Tiger Hill)]] และเรียกคลองและถนนที่สร้างขึ้นใหม่นี้โดยใช้ัชื่อซานถัง คลองนี้เชื่อมโยงไปยังคลองขนาดใหญ่ที่ต่อไปยังเมืองปักกิ่งและเมืองหางโจว ส่วนถนนซานถังก็ได้รับความนิยมเพิ่มมากขึ้นจนกลายเป็นสถานที่ท่องที่ยวพักผ่อนที่มีชื่อเสียงในด้านประเพณีของชนกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์หลากหลาย มีวัดโบราณ จนกระทั่ง[[Empress Dowager Cixi|พระนางซูสีไทเฮา]] (อังกฤษ: The Empress Dowager Cixi; อักษรจีนตัวย่อ: 慈禧太后, 1835–1908) แห่ง[[Qing Dynasty|ราชวงศ์ชิง (Qing Dynasty)]] มีพระราชดำรัสให้สร้างถนนซูโจว (Suzhou Street) ขึ้นใน[[Summer Palace|พระราชวังอี๋เหอหยวน (Summer Palace)]] ในเมืองปักกิ่งโดยให้สร้างเลียนแบบจากถนนซานถังทั้งหมดเพื่อเป็นสถานที่พักผ่อนส่วนพระองค์ เมื่อเดือนมิถุนายน ปี In June ค.ศ.2002 เมืองซูโจวได้เริ่มโครงการ, Suzhou began a restoration project to make Shantang ถนนซานถังให้เป็นเขตอนุรักษ์ประวัติศาสตร์และวัฒนธรรม a historical and cultural protection zone, โดยโครงการในเฟสแรกได้เสร็จสิ้นเรียบร้อยแล้ว and the first phase of that project has been completed. The reconstruction work centered on restoring the traditional style, integrated with tourism and entertainment to display Shantang’s rich heritages and the waterways, in typical Suzhou style, and the folk customs with [[Wu (region)|อู๋ (Wu)]] characteristics.<ref name="en.visitsz.com">[http://en.visitsz.com/sight.html Official Travel and Tourism Websites For Suzhou]</ref>

Theถนนผิง? (อังกฤษ: Pingjiang Street; จีนตัวย่อ: (平江路) เป็นถนนที่มีประวัติศาสตร์ยาวนานกว่า 2,500 ปี อยู่ทางด้านตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือของเมืองเก่าซูโจว บนพื้นที่ 116.5 is in the northeastern part of old Suzhou on a 116.5-hectare area, which has a 2,500-year history and the best-preserved cultural-protection zone of old Suzhou. Throughout history, many literary scholars, high officials, and members of the nobility lived in the quarter. It is an open district consisting mainly of residential buildings and its true value lies in the traditional style of living. The (Pingjiang Quarter) เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของพื้นที่ประวัติศาสตร์และวัฒนธรรมของเมืองเก่าซูโจว is part of the historic, cultural area of old Suzhou and has been in existence for 1,000 yearsปี, maintaining the style of the [[Song Dynasty|ราชวงศ์ซ่ง]]. It is a portrait of “water“water and land, and rivers adjacent to the streets,” and a good example of the waterside towns south of the [[Yangtze River|แม่น้ำแยงซี]] with their “small“small bridges over flowing streams, and whitewashed walls and black tiles”. The cultural heritage and landscape are exemplified in places such as [[Ouyuan Garden]], a world cultural heritage site, and the [[Kunqu Opera Museum|K(Kunqu Opera Museum)]] (Quanjin Guild Hall), a cultural heritage exhibit of [[Kunqu]] Opera. There are nine cultural relics protection units, 43 pieces of architecture under protection, and a multitude of early architecture, classical bridges, wells, and memorial archways.<ref name="en.visitsz.com"/>

[[Gate to the East|G(Gate to the East)]], built as a symbol to Suzhou's prominence in China, is in Suzhou's central business district.

[[Pan Gate|P(Pan Gate)]] (Chineseจีนตัวย่อ: 盘门) is on the southwest corner of the Main Canal or encircling canal of Suzhou. Originally built during the Warring States Period in the state of Wu, historians estimate it to be around 2,500 years old. It is now part of the Pan Gate Scenic Area. It is known for the "three landmarks of Pan Gate". They are the [[Ruiguang Pagoda|R(Ruiguang Pagoda)]] (Chineseจีนตัวย่อ: 瑞光塔), the earliest pagoda in Suzhou built in สร้างราว 247 BC,ปีก่อนคริสตกาล สะพานประตูอู๋ (the Wu Gate Bridge), the entrance to the gate at that time over the water passage and the highest bridge in Suzhou at the time, and Pan Gate. The Ruigang Pagoda is constructed of brick with wooden platforms and has simple Buddhist carvings at its base.

[[Baodai Bridge|สะพาน (Baodai Bridge)]] (Precious Belt Bridge; Chineseจีนตัวย่อ: 宝带桥) stretches across the Daitai Lake in the suburbs of Suzhou. To raise money to finance the bridge,the magistrate donated his expensive belt, hence the name. The bridge was first built in 806 A.D. in the Tang Dynasty ราชวงศ์ถัง and has 53 arches with a length of 317 meters.เมตร It was made out of stone from Jinshan Mountain and is the longest standing bridge of its kind in China. Its delicate design and beautiful surroundings make it as a precious belt hovering over the river town. The bridge was included on the list of national monuments (resolution 5-285) in 2001ในปี ค.ศ. 2001

[[Huqiu Tower|Y(Yunyan Pagoda)]] (Chineseจีนตัวย่อ: 虎丘塔/云岩寺塔) (built inสร้างขึ้นเมื่อปี 961) is a [[Chinese pagoda|C(Chinese pagoda)]] built on Tiger Hill in Suzhouในเมืองซูโจว. It has several other names, including the "หอเอนแห่งประเทศจีน (Leaning Tower of China)" (as referred to by historian O.G. Ingles)<ref name="ingles 144">Ingles (1982), 144.</ref> and the Yunyan Temple Tower. The tower rises to a height ofตัวหอมีความสูง 47&nbsp;m (154&nbsp;ft). It is a seven-story octagonal building built with blue bricks. In more than a thousand years the tower has gradually slanted due to forces of nature. Now the top and bottom of the tower vary by 2.32 meters. The entire structure weighs someมีน้ำหนักรวมทั้งสิ้นประมาณ {{convert|7000000|kg}}, supported by internal brick columns.<ref name="ingles 145">Ingles (1982), 145.</ref> However, the tower leans roughly 3 degrees due to the cracking of two supporting columns.<ref name="ingles 145"/>

[[Beisi Pagoda|B(Beisi Pagoda)]] (Chineseจีนตัวย่อ: 北寺塔) or North Temple Pagoda is a Chinese pagoda at Bao'en Temple in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. It rises nine stories in a height of 76&nbsp;m (243&nbsp;ft). It is the tallest Chinese pagoda south of the Yangtze river.

Twin Pagodas (Chineseจีนตัวย่อ:苏州双塔) are the two pagodas lie in the Dinghui Temple Lane in the southeastern corner of the city proper of Suzhou. They are artistic and natural as they are close at hand. One of them is called Clarity-Dispensing Pagoda and the other Beneficence Pagoda and they are in the same form of building. There are many legends about the one-thousand-year-old pagodas. It is charming that the exquisite and straight Twin Pagoda look like two inserted writing brushes. There was originally a single-storey house with three rooms just like a writing brush holder with the shadows of the two pagodas reclining on its roof at sunset. To the east of the pagoda is a square five-storeyed bell building built in the สร้างในสมัย[[Ming Dynasty|ราชวงศ์หมิง]] which is exactly like a thick ink stick. So there is a saying that “the“the Twin Pagodas are as writing brushes while the bell building as ink stick”.