ผลต่างระหว่างรุ่นของ "ผู้ใช้:Thastp/ทดลองเขียน3"

== ภาพรวม ==

[[ไฟล์:Le libertaire 25.png|thumb|left|250px|The 17 August 1860 edition of French [[libertarian communist]] publication ''[[Le Libertaire]]'' edited by [[Joseph Déjacque]]]]

The first [[anarchist journal]] to use the term ''libertarian'' was ''[[Le Libertaire, Journal du Mouvement Social]]'' and it was published in New York City between 1858 and 1861 by French [[libertarian communist]] [[Joseph Déjacque]].<ref name="theanarchistlibrary">[http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/The_Anarchist_FAQ_Editorial_Collective__150_years_of_Libertarian.html The Anarchist FAQ Editorial Collective]. "150 years of Libertarian".</ref> The next recorded use of the term was in Europe, when ''libertarian communism'' was used at a French regional anarchist Congress at Le Havre (16–22 November 1880). January 1881 saw a French manifesto issued on "Libertarian or Anarchist Communism". Finally, 1895 saw leading anarchists [[Sébastien Faure]] and [[Louise Michel]] publish ''[[Le Libertaire#Le Libertaire (France: 1895–1914)|Le Libertaire]]'' in France.<ref name="theanarchistlibrary" /> The term itself stems from the French cognate ''libertaire'' which was used to evade the French [[Lois scélérates|ban on anarchist publications]].<ref name="Graham2015">{{cite book|author=Robert Graham|title=We Do Not Fear Anarchy—We Invoke It: The First International and the Origins of the Anarchist Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vRdjCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT8|date=23 June 2015|publisher=AK Press|isbn=978-1-84935-211-6|page=8}}</ref> In this tradition, the term ''libertarianism'' is generally used as a synonym for anarchism, the original meaning of the term.<ref>"Anarchism". "6. The Rise of Social Anarchism". In Gaus, Gerald F.; D'Agostino, Fred, eds. (2012). ''The Routledge Companion to Social and Political Philosophy''. pp. 223–227.</ref> In the context of the European socialist movement, the term ''libertarian'' has been conventionally used to describe socialists who opposed [[authoritarianism]] and [[state socialism]] such as [[Mikhail Bakunin]] and largely overlaps with [[social anarchism]],<ref name="Noam Chomsky 2004, p. 739"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Perlin|first=Terry M.|title=Contemporary Anarchism|publisher=Transaction Publishers|year=1979|page=40|isbn=978-0-87855-097-5}}</ref> although [[individualist anarchism]] is also libertarian socialist.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Franks|first1=Benjamin|author-link=Benjamin Franks (writer)|editor-last1=Freeden|editor-first1=Michael|editor-last2=Stears|editor-first2=Marc|title=Anarchism|journal=The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies|pages=385–404|date=August 2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0001}}</ref> Non-[[Lockean individualism]] encompasses socialism, including libertarian socialism.<ref>[[Ellen Meiksins Wood|Wood, Ellen Meiksins]] (1972). ''Mind and Politics: An Approach to the Meaning of Liberal and Socialist Individualism''. [[University of California Press]]. p. 7. {{ISBN|0-520-02029-4}}.</ref>

 

[[File:Noam chomsky cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Noam Chomsky]] is one of the most well-known contemporary libertarian socialist thinkers.]]