ผลต่างระหว่างรุ่นของ "โรคซนสมาธิสั้น"
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ล MuanN ย้ายหน้า สมาธิสั้น ไปยัง โรคซนสมาธิสั้น |
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{{Infobox
| name =
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| alt = ภาพเด็กหลายคน
| field = [[Psychiatry]], [[pediatrics]]
| synonyms = Attention-deficit disorder, [[hyperkinetic disorder]] (ICD-10)
| symptoms = Difficulty paying [[attention]], excessive activity, [[impulsivity|difficulty controlling behavior]]<ref name=NIH2016/><ref name=DSM5/>
| complications =
| onset = Before age 6–12<ref name=CDC/>
| duration = >6 months<ref name=CDC/>
| causes = Both [[Genetic disorder|genetic]] and [[environmental factors]]<ref name=nimh/><ref name=Koo2019/>
| risks =
| diagnosis = Based on symptoms after other possible causes ruled out<ref name=NIH2016/>
| differential = Normally active young child, [[conduct disorder]], [[oppositional defiant disorder]], [[learning disorder]], [[bipolar disorder]], [[fetal alcohol spectrum disorder]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ferri |first=Fred F. |title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders |date=2010 |publisher=Elsevier/Mosby |isbn=978-0323076999 |edition=2nd |location=Philadelphia, PA |pages=Chapter A |name-list-format=vanc}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zubler, MD, FAAP |first1=Jennifer |last2=Weitzman, MD, FAAP |first2=Carol |last3=Sloane, DO |first3=Mark |last4=Singh, MPA |first4=Natasha |last5=Senturias, MD, FAAP |first5=Yasmin N. |last6=Kosofsky, MD, PhD |first6=Barry |last7=Kable, PhD |first7=Julie |last8=Fernandez-Baca, MA |first8=Daniel |last9=Dang, MPH |first9=Elizabeth |last10=Chasnoff, MD, FAAP |first10=Ira |last11=Bertrand PhD |first11=Jacquelyn |last12=Balachova PhD |first12=Tatiana |last13=Hagan Jr. MD, FAAP |first13=Joseph F. |title=Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/138/4/e20151553.full.pdf |journal=Pediatrics |year=2016 |volume=138 |issue=4 |pages=e20151553 |publisher=American Journal of Pediatrics |doi=10.1542/peds.2015-1553 |pmid=27677572 |pmc=5477054 |accessdate=22 May 2020}}</ref>
| prevention =
| treatment = [[psychotherapy|Counseling]], lifestyle changes, medications<ref name=NIH2016/>
| medication = [[CNS stimulants|Stimulants]], [[atomoxetine]], [[guanfacine]], [[clonidine]]<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Coghill DR, Banaschewski T, Soutullo C, Cottingham MG, Zuddas A |date=November 2017 |title=Systematic review of quality of life and functional outcomes in randomized placebo-controlled studies of medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |journal=European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=26 |issue=11 |pages=1283–1307 |doi=10.1007/s00787-017-0986-y |pmc=5656703 |pmid=28429134}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Jain R, Katic A |s2cid=3807877 |date=August 2016 |title=Current and Investigational Medication Delivery Systems for Treating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |journal=The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders |volume=18 |issue=4 |doi=10.4088/PCC.16r01979 |pmid=27828696}}</ref>
| prognosis =
| frequency = 51.1 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre/>
| deaths =
}}
'''สมาธิสั้น''' ({{lang-en|Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder}}, ADHD) เป็น[[โรคประสาท]]<ref name="Kooij-2010">{{Cite journal |last1=Kooij |first1=SJ. |last2=Bejerot |first2=S. |last3=Blackwell |first3=A. |last4=Caci |first4=H. |last5=Casas-Brugué |first5=M. |last6=Carpentier |first6=PJ. |last7=Edvinsson |first7=D. |last8=Fayyad |first8=J. |last9=Foeken |first9=K. |title=European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD |journal=BMC Psychiatry |volume=10 |page=67 |year=2010 |doi=10.1186/1471-244X-10-67 |pmid=20815868 |displayauthors=9 |pmc = 2942810 |last10=Fitzgerald |first10=M |last11=Gaillac |first11=V |last12=Ginsberg |first12=Y |last13=Henry |first13=C |last14=Krause |first14=J |last15=Lensing |first15=MB |last16=Manor |first16=I |last17=Niederhofer |first17=H |last18=Nunes-Filipe |first18=C |last19=Ohlmeier |first19=MD |last20=Oswald |first20=P |last21=Pallanti |first21=S |last22=Pehlivanidis |first22=A |last23=Ramos-Quiroga |first23=JA |last24=Rastam |first24=M |last25=Ryffel-Rawak |first25=D |last26=Stes |first26=S |last27=Asherson |first27=P}}</ref><ref name="Lange Reichl 2010">{{cite journal|last1=Lange|first1=Klaus W.|last2=Reichl|first2=Susanne|last3=Lange|first3=Katharina M.|last4=Tucha|first4=Lara|last5=Tucha|first5=Oliver|title=The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder|journal=ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders| volume=2|issue=4 |date=December 2010 |pages=241-255|doi=10.1007/s12402-010-0045-8 |pmid=21258430|pmc=3000907}}{{open access}}</ref>ประเภท[[ความผิดปกติในการเจริญเติบโตของระบบประสาท]] ซึ่งจะมีปัญหาเกี่ยวกับ[[การเรียกร้องความสนใจ]] [[การแสดงออกอย่างหุนหันพันแล่น]] ซึ่ง[[ความเหมาะสมตามวัน|ไม่เหมาะสมตามวัย]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Childress|first=AC|author2=Berry, SA|title=Pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescents|journal=Drugs|date=12 February 2012|volume=72| issue=3| pages=309-25| pmid=22316347|doi=10.2165/11599580-000000000-00000}}</ref> ลักษณะอาการจะเริ่มที่อายุ 6 ขวบถึง 12 ขวบและมีอาการต่อเนื่องมากกว่า 6 เดือน<ref name=CDC>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/diagnosis.html|title=Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) : Symptoms and Diagnosis|publisher=National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities|work=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=12 December 2010|accessdate=3 July 2013}}</ref><ref name=Lake2011>{{cite book|last1=Dulcan|first1=Mina K. |last2=Lake|first2=MaryBeth|title=Concise guide to child and adolescent psychiatry|publisher=American Psychiatric Pub.|location=Washington, DC|isbn=9781585624164|oclc=754798360| year=2011|page=34 |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=HvTa2nArhOsC&pg=PA34|edition=4th|accessdate=17 January 2014}}</ref> พบเห็นมากในวัยที่เข้าเรียนแล้ว และมักจะส่งผลให้มีผลการเรียนที่ย่ำแย่
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