ผลต่างระหว่างรุ่นของ "พระราชพิธีราชาภิเษกของพระมหากษัตริย์สหราชอาณาจักร"
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หน้าใหม่: == ประวัติ == {{โครง-ส่วน}}<!-- The timing of the coronation has varied throughout British history. The first Norman monarch, William I, was c... |
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บรรทัด 13:
Hers was also the first coronation where the monarch was crowned as multiple sovereigns in one, being asked: "Will you solemnly promise and swear to govern the Peoples of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon, and of your Possessions and other Territories to any of them belonging or pertaining, according to their respective laws and customs?"
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== ฉลองพระองค์และเครื่องราชูปโภค ==
{{โครง-ส่วน}}<!-- The Sovereign wears a variety of different robes and other garments during the course of the ceremony:
*''Crimson surcoat'' - the regular dress during most of the ceremony, worn under all other robes. In 1953, Elizabeth II wore a newly-made gown in place of a surcoat.
*''Robe of State of crimson velvet'' or ''Parliament Robe'' - the first robe used at a coronation, worn on entry to the Abbey and later at [[State Opening of Parliament|State Openings of Parliament]]. It consists of an ermine cape and a long crimson velvet train lined with further ermine and decorated with gold lace.
*''Anointing gown'' - a simple and austere garment worn during the anointing. It is plain white, bears no decoration and fastens at the back.
*''Colobium sindonis'' ("shroud tunic") - the first robe with which the Sovereign is invested. It is a loose white undergarment of fine linen cloth edged with a lace border, open at the sides, sleeveless and cut low at the neck. It symbolises the derivation of Royal authority from the people and represents the divestment of vanity and material things.
*''Supertunica'' - the second robe with which the Sovereign is invested. It is a long coat of gold silk which reaches to the ankles and has wide-flowing sleeves. It is lined with rose-coloured silk, trimmed with gold lace, woven with national symbols and fastened by a sword belt. It derives from the full dress uniform of a consul of the [[Byzantine Empire]].
*''Robe Royal'' or ''Pallium Regale'' - the main robe worn during the ceremony and used during the Crowning. It is a four-square mantle, lined in crimson silk and decorated with silver coronets, national symbols and silver imperial eagles in the four corners. It is lay, rather than liturgical, in nature.
*''Stole Royal'' or ''armilla'' - a gold slik scarf which accompanies the Robe Royal, richly and heavily embroidered with gold and silver thread, set with jewels and lined with rose-coloured silk and gold fringing.
*''Purple surcoat'' - the counterpart to the crimson surcoat, worn during the final part of the ceremony.
*''Imperial Robe of purple velvet'' - the robe worn at the conclusion of the ceremony, on exit from the Abbey. It comprises an embroidered ermine cape with a train of purple silk velvet, trimmed with Canadian ermine and fully lined with pure silk English satin. The purple recalls the imperial robes of [[Roman Emperor]]s.
In contrast to the history and tradition which surround the [[Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom|Regalia]], it is customary for most coronation robes to be newly made for each monarch. The present exceptions are the ''supertunica'' and ''Robe Royal'', which both date from the Coronation of George IV in 1821 (though he did not wear the ''supertunica''). Both are kept at the [[Tower of London]].
[[Image:Duke of Clarence at George IV's coronation.JPG|thumb|left|350px|The robes of [[William IV of the United Kingdom|HRH The Duke of Clarence]], a Royal Duke (later William IV), included a train borne by a page.]]
Several participants in the ceremony wear special costumes, uniforms or robes. Peers' robes comprise a full-length crimson velvet coat, and an ermine cape. Rows of sealskin spots on the cape designate the peer's rank; dukes use four rows, marquesses three and a half, earls three, viscounts two and a half, and barons and lords of Parliament two. Royal dukes use six rows of ermine, ermine on the front of the cape and long trains borne by pages. Peeresses' ranks are designated not by sealskin spots, but by the length of their trains and the width of the ermine edging on the same. For duchesses, the trains are two yards long, for marchionesses one and three-quarters yards, for countesses one and a half yards, for viscountesses one and a quarter yards, and for baronesses and ladies one yard. The ermine edgings are five inches in width for duchesses, four inches for marchionesses, three inches for countesses, and two inches for viscountesses, baronesses and ladies. The robes of peers and peeresses are used only during coronations.
Peers wear [[coronets]], as do members of the Royal Family; such coronets display heraldic emblems based on rank or association to the monarch. The heir-apparent's coronet displays four crosses-pattée alternating with four fleurs-de-lis, surmounted by an arch. The same style, without the arch, is used for the children and siblings of Sovereigns. The coronets of children of the heir-apparent display four fleurs-de-lis, two crosses-pattée and two strawberry leaves. A fourth style, including four crosses-pattée and four strawberry leaves, is used for the children of the sons and brothers of Sovereigns. The aforementioned coronets are borne instead of any coronets based on peerage dignities. The coronets of dukes show eight strawberry leaves, those of marquesses four strawberry leaves alternating with four raised silver balls, those of earls eight strawberry leaves alternating with eight raised silver balls, those of viscounts sixteen silver balls and those of barons six silver balls. Peeresses use the same design, except that they appear on smaller circlets than the peers' coronets.
Aside from the monarch, the only individuals authorised to wear crowns are the three Kings of Arms, the senior officials of the [[College of Arms]], the heraldic authority of [[England]], [[Wales]] and [[Northern Ireland]] ([[Scotland]] has a separate authority, the [[Lord Lyon King of Arms|Lyon Court]]). The Garter Principal King of Arms, the most senior King of Arms, wears a gold crown; the Clarenceaux King of Arms (who has authority over southern England) and the Norroy and Ulster King of Arms (who has authority over northern England and Northern Ireland) both wear silver gilt crowns. Their coronets consist of sixteen acanthus leaves alternating in height, and inscribed with the words ''Miserere mei Deus secundum magnam misericordiam tuam'' (i.e., Have mercy on me O God according to Thy great mercy). When this coronet is shown in pictorial representations, only nine leaves and the first three words are shown.
Along with persons of nobility, the coronation ceremonies are also attended by a wide range of political figures, including all members of the [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom]], the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]], all Prime Ministers and [[Governor General|Governors General]] of the [[Commonwealth Realms]], all [[Governor]]s of British [[Crown Colony|Crown Colonies]], as well as the [[Head of State|Heads of State]] of other independent nations of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]. Dignitaries and representatives from other nations are also customarily invited.
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