ผลต่างระหว่างรุ่นของ "ผู้ใช้:Thastp/ทดลองเขียน1"

==ตัวแบบและทฤษฎี==

 

 

In ancient [[Greek language|Greek]] the word ''αναλογια'' (''analogia'') originally meant [[Proportionality (mathematics)|proportionality]], in the mathematical sense. From there analogy was understood as identity of relation between any two [[ordered pair]]s, whether of mathematical nature or not. [[Immanuel Kant|Kant's]] ''[[Critique of Judgment]]'' held to this notion. Kant argued that there can be exactly the same [[Logic of relatives|relation]] between two completely different objects. The same notion of analogy was used in the [[United States|US]]-based [[SAT]] tests, that included "analogy questions" in the form "A is to B as C is to ''what''?" For example, "Hand is to palm as foot is to ____?" These questions were usually given in the [[Aristotle|Aristotelian]] format: HAND : PALM : : FOOT : ____ While most competent [[English language|English]] speakers will immediately give the right answer to the analogy question (''sole''), it is more difficult to identify and describe the exact relation that holds both between pairs such as ''hand'' and ''palm'', and between ''foot'' and ''sole''. This relation is not apparent in some [[lexical definition]]s of ''palm'' and ''sole'', where the former is defined as ''the inner surface of the hand'', and the latter as ''the underside of the foot''. Analogy and [[abstraction]] are different cognitive processes, and analogy is often an easier one. This analogy is not comparing ''all'' the properties between a hand and a foot, but rather comparing the ''relationship'' between a hand and its palm to a foot and its sole.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amstat.org/publications/jse/v11n2/martin.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-12-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307062856/http://www.amstat.org/publications/jse/v11n2/martin.html |archive-date=2013-03-07 }},