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ผลต่างระหว่างรุ่นของ "ผู้ใช้:Waniosa Amedestir/ทดลองเขียน"

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Waniosa Amedestir (คุย | ส่วนร่วม)
การแก้ไข 33,857 ครั้ง
ป้ายระบุ: เครื่องมือแก้ไขต้นฉบับปี 2560
Waniosa Amedestir (คุย | ส่วนร่วม)
การแก้ไข 33,857 ครั้ง
ป้ายระบุ: เครื่องมือแก้ไขต้นฉบับปี 2560
บรรทัด 748:
Before the establishment of modern nation states in the region during the 20th century, ''Maghreb'' most commonly referred to a smaller area, between the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and the Atlas Mountains in the south. It often also included the territory of eastern Libya, but not modern Mauritania. As recently as the late 19th century, the term "Maghreb" was used to refer to the [[Western Mediterranean]] region of coastal North Africa in general, and to Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, in particular.<ref name=Reclus>[[Elisée Reclus]], ''Africa'', edited by [[A. H. Keane]], B. A., Vol. II, North-West Africa, Appleton and company, 1880, New York, p.95</ref>
 
Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia established the Arab Maghreb Union in 1989 to promote cooperation and [[economic integration]] in a [[common market]]. It was envisioned initially by [[Muammar Gaddafi]] as a [[superstate]].{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} The union included Western Sahara implicitly under Morocco's membership,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maghrebarabe.org/en/uma.cfm |title=L'Union du Maghreb arabe |access-date=2010-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420050932/http://www.maghrebarabe.org/en/uma.cfm |archive-date=2010-04-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and ended Morocco's long cold war with Algeria over this territory. However, this progress was short-lived, and the union is now dormant. ▼
During the rule of the [[Berber people|Berber]] kingdom of [[Numidia]], the region was somewhat unified as an independent political entity. This period was followed by one of the [[Roman Empire]]'s rule or influence. The Germanic [[Vandal]]s invaded after that, followed by the equally brief re-establishment of a weak Roman rule by the [[Byzantine Empire]]. The Islamic [[Caliphates]] came to power under the [[Umayyad Caliphate]], the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] and the [[Fatimid Caliphate]]. The most enduring rule was that of the local Berber empires of the [[Ifranid dynasty]](Also Called [[Emirate of Tlemcen]] with as leader abu qurra the berbers called him "caliph" Ibn Khaldun explain it in his book kitab al ibar), [[Almoravid dynasty]], [[Almohad Caliphate]], [[Hammadid dynasty]], [[Zirid dynasty]], [[Marinid dynasty]], [[Zayyanid dynasty]],[[Hafsid dynasty]] and [[Wattasid dynasty]], extending from the 8th to 13th centuries. The [[Ottoman Empire]] for a period also controlled parts of the region.
 
▲Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia established the Arab Maghreb Union in 1989 to promote cooperation and [[economic integration]] in a [[common market]]. It was envisioned initially by [[Muammar Gaddafi]] as a [[superstate]].{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} The union included Western Sahara implicitly under Morocco's membership,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maghrebarabe.org/en/uma.cfm |title=L'Union du Maghreb arabe |access-date=2010-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420050932/http://www.maghrebarabe.org/en/uma.cfm |archive-date=2010-04-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and ended Morocco's long cold war with Algeria over this territory. However, this progress was short-lived, and the union is now dormant.
 
Tensions between Algeria and Morocco over Western Sahara re-emerged, reinforced by the unsolved border dispute between the two countries. These two main conflicts have hindered progress on the union's joint goals and practically made it inactive as a whole.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bartelby.com/65/ma/Maghreb.html |title=Maghreb |access-date=2007-07-11 |website=The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–05. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929091501/http://www.bartelby.com/65/ma/Maghreb.html |archive-date=2007-09-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The instability in the region and growing cross-border security threats revived calls for regional cooperation. In May 2015 foreign ministers of the Arab Maghreb Union declared a need for coordinated security policy at the 33rd session of the follow-up committee meeting; this revived hope of some form of cooperation.<ref>[http://northafricapost.com/7594-maghreb-countries-urged-to-devise-common-security-strategy-integration-project-remains-deadlocked.html "Maghreb Countries Urged to Devise Common Security Strategy, Integration Project Remains Deadlocked"], ''North Africa Post'' (2015)</ref>
เส้น 777 ⟶ 775:
* [[Sahel]]
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==Notes and references==
เข้าถึงจาก "https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/ผู้ใช้:Waniosa_Amedestir/ทดลองเขียน"