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การใช้ "รัฐบาลเฉพาะกาล" เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของชื่อทางการสามารถโยงไปถึงรัฐบาลของ[[ชาร์ล มอริส เดอ ตาแลร็อง-เปรีกอร์|ตาแลร็อง]]ในฝรั่งเศสใน ค.ศ. 1814 ในปี ค.ศ. 1843 ผู้บุกเบิก[[ชาวอเมริกัน]]ใน[[ประเทศโอเรกอน]]ในภูมิภาคแปซิฟิกตะวันตกเฉียงเหนือของทวีปอเมริกาเหนือได้จัดตั้ง[[รัฐบาลชั่วคราวแห่งโอเรกอน]]-เนื่องจากรัฐบาลกลางของสหรัฐอเมริกายังไม่ได้ขยายเขตอำนาจศาลเหนือภูมิภาคซึ่งมีอยู่จนถึงเดือนมีนาคม พ.ศ. 2392 รัฐบาลเฉพาะกาลจำนวนมากในช่วง[[การปฏิวัติ ค.ศ. 1848]] ให้ความหมายสมัยใหม่ว่ารัฐบาลเสรีนิยมที่จัดตั้งขึ้นเพื่อเตรียมการเลือกตั้ง
==รายชื่อประเทศที่เคยเป็นรัฐบาลชั่วคราวมาก่อน==
Numerous provisional governments have been established since the 1850s, including:
===Africa===
As of 2020 in Africa, only [[Libya]] and [[Sudan]] still have provisional governments
*{{Flagicon image|Variant flag of the GPRA (1962).svg}} [[Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic]] (1958–62) (guerrilla movement)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of South West Africa People's Organisation.svg}} [[Transitional Government of National Unity (Namibia)]] (1985-1989)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Ethiopia (1991–1996).svg}} [[Transitional Government of Ethiopia]] (1991–1995)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Eritrea.svg}} [ [[Provisional Government of Eritrea]] (1993)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg}} [[Transitional Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (2003-2006), established in 2003 following the conclusion of the [[Second Congo War]]
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Liberia.svg}} [[National Transitional Legislative Assembly of Liberia]] (2003–2006), [[Liberia]]'s legislative body during the country's transition from civil war to democratic rule
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Libya.svg}} [[National Transitional Council|National Transitional Council of Libya]] (2011-2012), formed during the [[2011 Libyan civil war|2011 civil war]] in [[Libya]] against the [[Gaddafi]]-led government
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Egypt.svg}} Interim government of [[Egypt]] (2013–2014)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Libya.svg}} The UN-supported [[Government of National Accord]] for [[Libya]] (2016-present), formed in 2016 and remaining active until now
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Sudan.svg}} [[Sovereignty Council of Sudan]] (2019-present), established in August 2019 after [[Protests in Sudan (2018–19)|8 month-long protests]] against President [[Omar al-Bashir|Bashir]] and the subsequent [[2019 Sudanese coup d'état|military coup]]
===Asia===
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of China (1912–1928).svg}} [[Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1912)]], established after the success of the [[Wuchang uprising]].
====World War I and Interbellum====
* [[Provisional Government of India]] (1915), established in [[Kabul]].
* [[Republic of Van]] (1915), established in [[Western Armenia]].
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the South West Caucasian Republic.svg}} [[South West Caucasian Republic]] (1919), established in [[Kars]].
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.svg}} [[Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea]] (1919), established in exile based in [[Shanghai]], [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]] and later in [[Chongqing]], during the [[Japanese occupation of Korea]].
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg}} [[Government of the Grand National Assembly]] (1920-1923)
====World War II====
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of China (1912–1928).svg}} [[Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–40)]], established by the [[Empire of Japan]] when invading Eastern China.
*{{Flagicon|Azad Hind}} [[Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind|Provisional Government of Free India]] (1943–1945), established by Indian nationalists in southeast Asia, had nominal sovereignty over Axis controlled Indian territories, and had diplomatic relationships with nine countries.
====Cold War and aftermath====
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} [[Interim Government of India]] (1946–1947), an interim government formed by the newly created [[Constituent Assembly of India]] to administer what would become the [[Dominion of India]] and the [[Dominion of Pakistan]] in the transitional period between [[British Raj|British rule]] and independence.
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Israel.svg}} [[Provisional government of Israel]] (1948–49), established after Israel's [[Declaration of Independence (Israel)|declaration of independence]] and in place until after the [[1949 Israeli legislative election|first Knesset elections]].
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Vietnam.svg}} [[Provisional Central Government of Vietnam]] (1948-1949), established as a puppet government by French during the [[First Indochina War]].
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} [[Syria|Provisional Government of the Syrian Arab Republic]] (1949), established by national consensus to draft a new constitution and reintroduce civilian rule after a series of military governments.
*{{Flagicon image|FNL Flag.svg}} [[Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam]] (1969–1976), established during the [[Vietnam War]] against America and Republic of Vietnam
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Bangladesh (1971).svg}} [[Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh]] (1970–1972), established after the declaration of freedom of Bengalis exiled to [[Calcutta]].
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Iran (1964–1980).svg}} [[Interim Government of Iran]], a provisional government established after the 1979 [[Iranian Revolution]]
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Palestine.svg}} [[Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization]] (1988–), after it was entrusted with the powers and responsibilities of the Provisional Government of the [[State of Palestine]].<ref name="GiE">{{Cite book|last1=Sayigh|first1=Yezid|title=Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1999|isbn=9780198296430|edition=illustrated|page=624|ref=harv|postscript=.}} "The Palestinian National Council also empowered [[Palestinian Central Council|the central council]] to form a government-in-exile when appropriate, and the [[Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization|executive committee]] to perform the functions of government until such time as a government-in-exile was established."</ref><ref name="UN_ARES6719">{{UN document|docid=A-RES-67-19|type=Resolution|body=General Assembly|session=67|resolution_number=19|accessdate=2013-01-07}}</ref>
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Cambodia under UNTAC.svg}} [[United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia]] (1992–1993)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Palestine.svg}} [[Palestinian National Authority]] (1994–), the [[Public administration|administrative]] organization, established to [[government|govern]] parts of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza Strip]], following the Oslo Accords.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Palestinian Authority|url=http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/organizations/p/palestinian_authority/index.html}}</ref>
====21st century====
As of 2020 in Asia, only [[Syria]] and [[Yemen]] still have provisional governments. However the 2 provisional governments of Syria were established as umbrella governments of the oppositions, in parallel with the [[Government of Syria|government of the Syrian Arab Republic]]; both provisional governments are not recognized internationally.
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (2004–2008).svg}} [[Coalition Provisional Authority]] in Iraq (2003–2004) with the [[Iraqi Interim Governing Council]], established to act as a caretaker administration in Iraq following the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] pending the hand over of power to the Iraqi people and the creation of a democratically elected civilian government.
*[[Iraqi Interim Government]] (2004-2005) and the [[Iraqi Transitional Government]] (2005-2006) were both provisional authorities established after the hand over of power to the Iraqi people following the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] to govern pending the adoption of a permanent constitution.
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} [[Syrian Interim Government]] (2013–present)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Yemen.svg}} [[Supreme Political Council|Supreme Political Council of Yemen]] (2015–present), established by the [[Houthi Movement]] after the [[2014–15 Yemeni coup d'état]], currently participating in the [[Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)]] against the [[Cabinet of Yemen|Pro-Hadi Government]]
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} [[Syrian Salvation Government]] (2017–present)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Yemen.svg}} [[Southern Transitional Council|Southern Transitional Council of South Yemen]] (2016-present), established by the [[Southern Movement]] - a separatist group in southern Yemen - during the [[Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)]]
*[[Etat Pied-Noir]] (community government owned by all [[Pieds-noir]] and a selected president rules in this [[Pied Noir]] government)
===Europe===
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg}} [[Provisional Government (1868-1871)|Provisional Government of Spain (1868–1871)]], pending the election of a new Constitutional Monarch.
====World War I and Interbellum====
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Albanian Provisional Government (1912-1914).svg}} [[Provisional Government of Albania]] (1912–14).
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of TRWT.svg}} [[Provisional Government of Western Thrace]] (1913), established in modern Greece in opposition to annexation by [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] during the [[Second Balkan War]].
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus.svg}} [[Provisional Government of Northern Epirus]] (1914), established against annexation to [[Principality of Albania|Albania]].
*{{Flagicon image|Irish Republic Flag.svg}} [[Provisional Government of the Irish Republic]] (1916), a title adopted by the leadership of the short-lived [[Easter Rising]].
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Provisional Government of National Defence]] (northern Greece), 1916
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russian Provisional Government]] (1917), established as a result of the [[February Revolution]] which led to the abdication of [[Tsar]] [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]].
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.svg}} [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]], established in 1918 as the [[List of states with limited recognition|unrecognized]] first incarnation of [[Yugoslavia]] and later merged with the [[Kingdom of Serbia|Kingdoms of Serbia]] and [[Kingdom of Montenegro|Montenegro]] to form the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes]].
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Estonia.svg}} [[Estonian Provisional Government]] (1918–1919).
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Latvia.svg}} [[Latvian Provisional Government]] (1918–1920).
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Ukrainian State.svg}} [[Ukrainian State|Ukrainian Provisional Government]] (1918).
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Provisional Government of the Northern Region]] (1918-1920).
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Ireland.svg}} [[Provisional Government of Ireland (1922)]], established by agreement between the British government and Irish revolutionaries, in order to pave the way for the establishment of the [[Irish Free State]] in the same year.
====World War II====
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Lithuania.svg}} [[Lithuanian underground government|Provisional Government of Lithuania]] (1941), established when Lithuanians overthrew the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] occupation during the [[Lithuanian 1941 independence]]. It functioned briefly until [[Nazi Germany]] annexed the country.
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946).svg}} Provisional National Government of Hungary (1944–1945) (''Ideiglenes Nemzeti Kormány'').<ref name="OrangeFilesPNG">{{cite web|title=The Provisional National Government (1945)|url=https://theorangefiles.hu/the-provisional-national-government-1945/|accessdate=20 March 2017|website=The Orange Files: Notes on Illiberal Democracy in Hungary}}</ref>
*{{Flagicon|Democratic Federal Yugoslavia}} [[Provisional Government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia]] (1945).
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Free France (1940-1944).svg}} [[French Committee of National Liberation]] (''Comité Français de Libération Nationale'', CFLN) (1943–44), set up in [[Algiers]], then a part of [[metropolitan France]].
*{{Flagicon|Provisional Government of the French Republic}} [[Provisional Government of the French Republic]] (GPRF) (1944–46), government of the provisional Republic until the establishment of the [[French Fourth Republic|Fourth Republic]].
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1944–1946).svg}} [[Democratic Government of Albania]] (1944–46).
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg}} [[Flensburg government|Flensburg Government]] (1945), established following the suicides of [[Adolf Hitler]] and [[Joseph Goebbels]] during the closing days of the [[Third Reich]].
Provisional governments were also established throughout Europe as [[Liberation of Europe|occupied nations were liberated]] from [[occupied Europe|Nazi occupation]] by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]].
====Cold War====
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg}} [[Northern Cyprus|Provisional Cypriot Turkish Administration]]<ref>[http://www.cm.gov.nc.tr/GecmisYonetim]</ref> (1967-1971)
====Collapse of the USSR and aftermath====
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Czech Republic.svg}} [[Government of National Understanding]], established in [[Czechoslovakia]] after the [[Velvet Revolution]] of 1989.
*{{Flagicon image|Romania flag 1989 revolution.svg}} [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|National Salvation Front]], established in [[Romania]] after the fall of [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] and [[Romanian Revolution|the end]] of the [[Socialist Republic of Romania]] in 1989.
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Estonia.svg}} [[Estonian restoration of Independence|Estonian Interim Government]] (1990–1992)
====21st century====
As of 2020 in Europe, only [[Belarus]] still has a provisional government which is established by the oppositions in parallel with the [[Government of Belarus|government of the Republic of Belarus]]
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991–1995).svg}}/{{Flagicon image|Flag of Belarus.svg}} [[Coordination Council (Belarus)|Belarusian Coordination Council]] (2020-present), established during the [[2020 Belarusian protests|2020 Belarusian Presidential crisis]] and the aftermath of the [[2020 Belarusian presidential election]]. The transitional government is only supported and recognized by [[Lithuania]].
===Pacific Ocean===
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Hawaii.svg}} [[Provisional Government of Hawaii]] (1893-1894), established in 1893 after the [[overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii]] and renamed to the [[Republic of Hawaii]] in 1894.
*{{Flagicon image|Australian Federation Flag.svg}} [[Caretaker government of Australia#The 1901 caretaker government|1901 caretaker government of Australia]], established pending the [[1901 Australian federal election|first election]] to the newly established [[Australia|Commonwealth of Australia]].
===South America and the Caribbean Sea===
As of 2020 in Americas, only [[Venezuela]] still has a provisional government which is established by the oppositions in parallel with the [[Government of Venezuela|government of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Venezuela.svg}} [[Venezuelan presidential crisis|Venezuela transitional government]] (2019-present), established in January 2019 by [[National Assembly (Venezuela)|Venezuelan Nation Assembly]] led by [[Juan Guaidó]], currently in dispute with the [[Government of Venezuela|incumbent government of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela]] led by [[Nicolás Maduro]]. The transitional government is supported and recognized by United States, European Union, [[Lima Group]], and many other Western countries
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Haiti.svg}} [[National Council of Government (Haiti)|National Council of Government]] (1986–1988), interim ruling body of [[Haiti]], after the departure of [[Jean-Claude Duvalier]]
==ดูเพิ่ม==
* [[Caretaker government]]
* [[Government in exile]]
* [[Interregnum]]
* [[Martial law]]
* [[รัฐบาลปฏิวัติชั่วคราว (แก้ความกำกวม)|Provisional Revolutionary Government]]
==อ้างอิง==
[[หมวดหมู่:รัฐบาล]]
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