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New page: A '''royal consort''' is the spouse of a ruling king or queen. Consorts of monarchs in the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|Unit... |
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A royal consort is the spouse of a ruling king or queen. Consorts of monarchs in the United Kingdom and its predecessors have no constitutional status or power but many have significant influence over their husband or wife.
Since 1066, the Kingdom of England, the Kingdom of Great Britain, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland have collectively had forty-two or forty-three royal consorts: thirty-nine female and three or four male, depending upon the status accorded to Lady Jane Grey.
All female consorts have had the right to and have held the title of Queen Consort. However, only one male consort, Philip (later King of Spain), was granted the title of King upon marrying Mary I, but had no authority, being King of England in name but not in fact. Other male consorts have been treated diversely:
- Guildford Dudley was accorded no special title during the short reign of his wife Lady Jane Grey.
- William III, husband of Mary II, was recognized as King in his own right, continuing to reign after her death, and accordingly is not considered a consort.
- George of Denmark, husband of Queen Anne, already raised to the peerage as Duke of Cumberland in 1689, received no additional title as the Queen's husband. As the son of King Frederick III of Denmark, he was styled "Prince George".
- Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, husband of Queen Victoria, did not take an English peerage title but was the only male consort to have Prince Consort awarded him as a distinct title, in 1857.
- Philip of Greece and Denmark, husband of Elizabeth II, already raised to the peerage as Duke of Edinburgh in 1947, was made a Prince of the United Kingdom in 1957. He does not have the title of Prince Consort.
Not all wives of monarchs have become consorts, as they may have died or been divorced prior to their husbands' ascending the throne, or, in one case, married after abdication. Such cases include:
- Isabel of Gloucester, wife of John of England (as Earl of Cornwall and Gloucester), married 29 August 1189, divorced 1199, died 14 October 1217.
- Mary de Bohun, wife of Henry IV of England (as Earl of Derby), married 1380 or 1381, died 4 June 1394.
- Anne Hyde, wife of James II of England (as Duke of York), married 24 November 1659 (publicly 3 September 1660), died 31 March 1671.
- Sophia Dorothea of Celle, wife of George I of Great Britain (as heir to the electorate of Hanover), married 22 November 1682, divorced 28 December 1694, died 13 November 1726.
- Maria Anne Fitzherbert, wife of George IV of the United Kingdom (as Prince of Wales), married 1785, marriage declared null, died 1837.
- Wallis Warfield Simpson, wife of Edward VIII of the United Kingdom (as Duke of Windsor), married 3 June 1937, died 24 April 1986.
An unusual case was that of Caroline of Brunswick, who had separated from her husband George IV prior to his accession, and although his consort in law, had no position at court and was forcibly barred from attending George IV's coronation.
Since 1066 six kings and queens have gone for their entire reigns without a consort: William II, Edward V, Edward VI, Elizabeth I, George I and Edward VIII.
If Charles, Prince of Wales ascends the throne, his wife, Camilla Parker Bowles, will automatically take on the title of Queen Consort unless legislation is passed to the contrary. It has been stated, however, that it is intended that she should be known not as Queen, but as Princess Consort.
Consorts of the Kingdom of England
Name | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anglo-Saxon and Danes | ||||||||
Edith of Wessex | 1029 | 1045 | 4 January 1066 husband's death |
19 December 1075 | Edward the Confessor |
Picture | Name | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normans | ||||||||
– | Matilda of Flanders | c. 1031 | 1053 | 25 December 1066 husband's ascension |
11 May 1068 | 2 November 1083 | William I of England | |
– | Edith (Matilda) of Scotland | c. 1080 | 11 November 1100 | 11 (?) November 1100 | 1 May 1118 | Henry I | ||
– | Adeliza of Louvain | c. 1103 | 24 January 1121 | 30 January 1121 | 1 December 1135 husband's death |
23 April 1151 | ||
House of Blois | ||||||||
– | Matilda of Boulogne | c. 1105 | 1125 | 22 December 1135 husband's ascension |
22 March 1136 | 3 May 1152 | Stephen | |
House of Plantagenet | ||||||||
Eleanor of Aquitaine | c. 1122 | 18 May 1152 | 25 October 1154 husband's ascension |
19 December 1154 | 6 July 1189 husband's death |
1 April 1204 | Henry II | |
– | Berengaria of Navarre | between 1165 and 1170 | 12 May 1191 | Not crowned | 6 April 1199 husband's death |
23 December 1230 | Richard I | |
ไฟล์:Iangoulm.JPG | Isabella of Angoulême | c. 1187 | 24 August 1200 | 8 October 1200 | 18 or 19 October 1216 husband's death |
31 May 1246 | John | |
– | Eleanor of Provence | c. 1223 | 14 January 1236 | 20 January 1236 | 16 November 1272 husband's death |
24 June 1291 | Henry III | |
– | Eleanor of Castile | 1241 | 1 November 1254 | 16 November 1272 husband's ascension |
19 August 1274 | 28 November 1290 | Edward I | |
– | Marguerite of France | between 1275 and 1282 | 8 or 10 September 1299 | 1299? | 7 July 1307 husband's death |
14 February 1317 | ||
– | Isabella of France | between 1288 and 1296 | 25 January 1308 | 25 February 1308 | 20 January 1327 husband's deposition |
22 August 1358 | Edward II | |
Philippa of Hainault | 24 June 1311 (?) | 24 January 1328 | 18 February 1330 | 15 August 1369 | Edward III | |||
– | Anne of Bohemia | 11 May 1366 | 20th January 1383 (?) | 22 January 1383 (?) | 7 June 1394 | Richard II | ||
– | Isabella of Valois | 9 November 1387 | 31 October or 1 November 1396 | 8 January 1397 | 30 September 1399 husband's deposition |
13 September 1409 | ||
House of Lancaster | ||||||||
ไฟล์:Joanbrit.JPG | Joanna of Navarre | c. 1370 | 7 February 1403 | 26 February 1403 | 20 March 1413 husband's death |
9 July 1437 | Henry IV | |
ไฟล์:Cathvloi.JPG | Catherine of Valois | 27 October 1401 | 2 June 1420 | 23 February 1421 | 31 August 1422 husband's death |
3 January 1437 | Henry V | |
Margaret of Anjou | 23 March 1429 | 23 April 1445 | 30 May 1445 | 21 May 1471 husband's death[1] |
25 August 1482 | Henry VI | ||
House of York | ||||||||
Elizabeth Woodville | c. 1437 | 1 May 1464[2] | 26 May 1465 | 9 April 1483 husband's death |
8 June 1492 | Edward IV | ||
– | Anne Neville | 11 June 1456 | 12 July 1472 | 26 June 1483 husband's ascension |
6 July 1483 | 16 March 1485 | Richard III | |
House of Tudor | ||||||||
ไฟล์:Elizabeth of York.JPG | Elizabeth of York | 11 February 1466 | 18 January 1486 | 25 November 1487 | 11 February 1503 | Henry VII | ||
ไฟล์:Oldcath.JPG | Catherine of Aragon | 16 December 1485 | 11 June 1509 | 24 June 1509 | 23 May 1533 marriage annulled |
7 January 1536 | Henry VIII | |
Anne Boleyn | between 1499 and 1512 | 25 January 1533 | 1 June 1533 | 19 May 1536 executed | ||||
Jane Seymour | between 1507 and 1509 | 30 May 1536 | Not crowned; proclaimed queen 4 June 1536 |
24 October 1537 | ||||
Anne of Cleves | 22 September 1515 | 6 January 1540 | Not crowned | 9 July 1540 marriage annulled |
16 July 1557 | |||
ไฟล์:HowardCatherine02.jpg | Catherine Howard | between 1520 and 1525 | 28 July 1540 | Not crowned | 22 November 1541 deprived of title |
13 February 1542 executed | ||
ไฟล์:Kathparr.jpg | Catherine Parr | between 1512 and 1517 | 12 July 1543 | Not crowned | 28 January 1547 husband's death |
5 September 1548 | ||
– | Lord Guildford Dudley (disputed) | 1536 | 15 May 1553 | 10 July 1553 wife's ascension |
Not crowned | 19 July 1553 wife's deposition |
12 February 1554 | Jane Grey |
Philip II of Spain later King of Spain |
21 May 1527 | 25 July 1554 | Not crowned | 17 November 1558 wife's death |
13 September 1598 | Mary I |
Consorts of the Kingdom of Scotland
Picture | Name | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
House of Stuart | ||||||||
Euphemia de Ross | - | 2 May 1355 | March 1371 husband's ascension |
? | 1386 | Robert II | ||
Anabella Drummond | c. 1350 | 1367 | 19 April 1390 husband's ascension |
August 1390 | 1401 | Robert III | ||
Joan Beaufort | c. 1404 | 2 February 1424 | May 1424 | 21 February 1437 husband's death |
15 July 1445 | James I | ||
Mary of Guelders | c. 1434 | 3 July 1449 | ? | 3 August 1460 husband's death |
1 December 1463 | James II | ||
Margaret of Denmark | 23 June 1456 | July 1469 | ? | before 14 July 1486 | James III | |||
ไฟล์:Margtudr.JPG | Margaret Tudor | 29 November 1489 | 8 August 1503 | ? | 9 September 1513 husband's death |
October 1541 | James IV | |
Madeleine de Valois | 10 August 1520 | 1 January 1537 | ? | 7 July 1537 | James V | |||
Mary of Guise | 22 November 1515 | 18 May 1538 (by proxy) June 1538 |
22 February 1540 | 14 December 1542 husband's death |
11 June 1560 | |||
ไฟล์:Francis2-1.jpg | Francis II of France | 19 January 1544 | 24 April 1558 | Not crowned | 5 December 1560 | Mary I | ||
ไฟล์:Darnley.JPG | Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley | 7 December 1545 | 29 July 1565 | Not crowned | 10 February 1567 | |||
James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell | c. 1535 | 15 May 1567 | Not crowned | 24 July 1567 wife's abdication |
14 April 1578 | |||
Anne of Denmark | 14 October 1574 | August 1589 (by proxy) 23 November 1589 |
17 May 1590 | 4 March 1619 | James I |
Consorts of England and Scotland (1603-1707)
Picture | Name | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
House of Stuart | ||||||||
Anne of Denmark | 14 October 1574 | August 1589 (by proxy) 23 November 1589 |
24 March 1603 husband's ascension |
25 July 1603 | 4 March 1619 | James I | ||
Henrietta Maria of France | 25 November 1609 | 11 May 1625 (by proxy) 13 June 1625 |
Not crowned | 30 January 1649 husband's death and deposition |
10 September 1669 | Charles I | ||
Catherine of Braganza | 25 November 1638 | 21 May 1662 | Not crowned | 6 February 1685 husband's death |
30 November 1705 | Charles II | ||
Mary of Modena | 5 October 1658 | 30 September 1673 (by proxy) | 6 February 1685 husband's ascension |
23 April 1685 | 12 February 1689 husband's deposition |
7 May 1718 | James II | |
Mary II of England Queen regnant de jure |
30 April 1662 | 4 November 1677 | 13 February 1689 joint ascension with husband |
11 April 1689 | 28 December 1694 | William III | ||
ไฟล์:Georgeofdenmark.JPG | Prince George of Denmark | 2 April 1653 | 28 July 1683 | 8 March 1702 wife's ascension |
Not crowned | 28 October 1708 | Anne |
Consorts of the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707-1801) and the United Kingdom (1801-Present)
Picture | Name | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
House of Hanover | ||||||||
ไฟล์:Caroline of Ansbach.jpg | Caroline of Ansbach | 1 March 1683 | 22 August 1705 | 11 June 1727 husband's ascension |
11 October 1727 | 20 November 1737 | George II | |
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz | 19 May 1744 | 8 September 1761 | 22 September 1761 | 17 November 1818 | George III | |||
Caroline of Brunswick | 17 May 1768 | 8 April 1795 | 29 January 1820 husband's ascension |
Not crowned | 7 August 1821 | George IV | ||
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen | 13 August 1792 | 13 July 1818 | 26 June 1830 husband's ascension |
8 September 1831 | 20 June 1837 husband's death |
2 December 1849 | William IV | |
Albert, Prince Consort | 26 August 1819 | 10 February 1840 | Not crowned | 14 December 1861 | Victoria | |||
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | ||||||||
ไฟล์:200px-Alexandra of Denmark.JPG | Alexandra of Denmark | 1 December 1844 | 10 March 1863 | 22 January 1901 husband's ascension |
9 August 1902 | 6 May 1910 husband's death |
20 November 1925 | Edward VII |
House of Windsor | ||||||||
Mary of Teck | 26 May 1867 | 6 July 1893 | 6 May 1910 husband's ascension |
22 June 1911 | 20 January 1936 husband's death |
24 March 1953 | George V | |
ไฟล์:QueenM.JPG | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | 4 August 1900 | 26 April 1923 | 11 December 1936 husband's ascension |
12 May 1937 | 6 February 1952 husband's death |
30 March 2002 | George VI |
ไฟล์:Queen Duke Canadian Portrait.JPG | HRH The Duke of Edinburgh | 10 June 1921 | 20 November 1947 | 6 February 1952 wife's ascension |
Not crowned | current Consort | Elizabeth II |