ผลต่างระหว่างรุ่นของ "คำพิพากษา"

เนื้อหาที่ลบ เนื้อหาที่เพิ่ม
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Tiemianwusi (คุย | ส่วนร่วม)
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บรรทัด 7:
 
==ประเภท==
 
* [[คำตัดสินตามความยินยอม]] (consent decree), คือ คำพิพากษาที่มีขึ้นเมื่อคู่ความทุกฝ่ายตกลงกันในผลลัพธ์บางอย่าง เช่น เมื่อคู่ความในคดีแพ่ง[[ท้ากันในศาล]] และอีกฝ่ายแพ้ตามท้า ศาลพิพากษาตามท้ากันนั้นได้
* [[คำพิพากษาแสดงสิทธิ]] (declaratory judgment), คือ คำพิพากษาในคดีแพ่ง ที่ประกาศว่า คู่ความฝ่ายหนึ่ง ๆ มีสิทธิ หน้าที่ หรือหนี้อย่างใด
เส้น 12 ⟶ 13:
* [[คำพิพากษารวบรัด]] (summary judgment), คือ คำพิพากษาที่มีขึ้นโดยไม่ต้องดำเนินกระบวนพิจารณาเต็มรูปแบบ
* [[คำพิพากษาแก้ไขเพิ่มเติม]] (vacated judgment), คือ คำพิพากษาของศาลสูงที่ยก, กลับ หรือแก้คำพิพากษาศาลล่าง
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=== Reserved judgment ===
A judge will sometimes, having heard both sides of the argument, refrain from making an immediate decision and retire to consider the case further. The judge will announce that they are to 'reserve' their judgment until a later time. This is sometimes annotated in law reports by the Latin phrase ''"Cur. adv. vult."'' or ''"c.a.v."'' (''[[Curia advisari vult]]'').<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/media/guide_law_en.pdf| title = A Guide to Legal Information| publisher = Aberystwyth University| format = pdf| accessdate = 2011-06-03| quote = }}</ref>
 
== Release of judgment ==
In some jurisdictions, full payment of a monetary judgment entitles the judgment debtor to receive from the judgment creditor, upon request, a document called a "satisfaction and release of judgment",<ref>[http://www.docstoc.com/docs/10329844/Satisfaction-Release-Of-Judgment-Satisfaction-Release-Of-Judgment---Illinois Satisfaction; Release of Judgment — Illinois] docstoc.com</ref> whereby the judgment debtor may have the original judgment [[Vacated judgment|vacated]], the action dismissed, any lien removed, and the damaging record expunged from the judgment debtor's [[public records]] and [[credit history]].<ref>[http://www.illinoislegalaid.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.dsp_content&contentID=6802 What Is a Release and Satisfaction?] ''Illinois Legal Aid''</ref> An example of this is in [[Illinois]] state law, ''cf''. 735 ILCS 5/12-183.<ref>[http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs4.asp?DocName=073500050HArt.+XII&ActID=2017&ChapterID=56&SeqStart=78600000&SeqEnd=97500000 (735 ILCS 5/) Code of Civil Procedure] [[Illinois General Assembly]] </ref>
 
== Spelling ==
{{See also|American and British English spelling differences}}
 
In a non-legal context, spelling differs between countries. The spelling ''judgement'' (with e added) is common in the [[United Kingdom]] in a non-legal context. The spelling ''judgment'' without the e is however often listed first and in any case without comment or regional restriction in major UK dictionaries.<ref>[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=43009&dict=CALD Definition of ''to '''judge'''''] ''Cambridge dictionary''</ref><ref>[http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/judgement?view=uk Definition of ''judgement''] ''Oxford dictionary''</ref><ref>[http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/judgment Definition of ''judgment''] ''Longman dictionary''</ref> In British English, the spelling ''judgment'' is correct when referring to a court's or judge's formal ruling, whereas the spelling ''judgement'' is used for other meanings.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ritter |first=R. M.|title=The Oxford Guide to Style |year=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-869175-0}}</ref> In American English, ''judgment'' prevails in all contexts.<ref>{{cite book |last=Burchfield |first=Robert William |authorlink=Robert Burchfield |title=The New Fowler's Modern English Usage |edition=3rd|year=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-869126-2 |oclc=36063311}}<br/>{{cite book |last=Garner |first=Brian A.|title=Garner's Modern American Usage |year=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-516191-2}}</ref> In [[Canada]] and [[Australia]], in a non-legal context both forms are equally acceptable, although ''judgment'' is more common in Canada and ''judgement'' in Australia.<ref>Pam Peters, ''The Cambridge Guide to English Usage'', p. 303.</ref> However, in a legal and theological context, ''judgment'' is the only correct form. In [[New Zealand]] the form ''judgment'' is the preferred spelling in dictionaries, newspapers and legislation, although the variant ''judgement'' can also be found in all three categories. In [[South Africa]], ''judgement'' is the more common form.
The spelling ''judgment'' is also found in the [[Authorized King James Version]] of the Bible.
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==อ้างอิง==
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== ดูเพิ่ม ==