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'''โรคใหลตาย''' มักสะกดผิดว่า '''โรคไหลตาย''' (ดู [[#ศัพทมูล|ศัพทมูล]])) เป็น [[ความตาย]]ที่เกิดแก่[[บุคคล]] ไม่ว่า[[วัยรุ่น]] (adolescent) หรือ [[ผู้ใหญ่]] (adult) อย่างปัจจุบันทันด่วนขณะ[[นอนหลับ]] และไม่อาจอธิบายสาเหตุแห่งความตายนั้นได้
== ชื่อทางการแพทย์ ==
({{lang-en|sudden unexpected death syndrome (ย่อ: SUDS) หรือ sudden unexpected nocturnal death syndrome (ย่อ: SUNDS)}};
== บันทึกการพบ ==
โรคใหลตายนั้น ได้รับการบันทึกเป็นครั้งแรกใน [[พ.ศ. 2520]] ในบรรดา[[ม้ง|ชาวม้ง]]ที่ลี้ภัยอยู่ใน[[สหรัฐอเมริกา]]<ref>{{cite journal|unused_data=MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep|year=1981|volume=30|issue=47|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report|pages=581-4,589|title=Sudden, unexpected, nocturnal deaths among Southeast Asian refugees|author=Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
| pmid = 6796814}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=MMWR CDC Surveil Summ|year=1987|volume=36|issue=1|pages=43SS–53SS|title=Sudden unexplained death syndrome in Southeast Asian refugees: a review of CDC surveillance|author=Parrish RG, Tucker M, Ing R, Encarnacion C, Eberhardt M|pmid=3110586}}</ref> และบันทึกอีกครั้งใน[[ประเทศสิงคโปร์]] เมื่อ[[การสำรวจย้อนหลัง|ผลการสำรวจย้อนหลัง]] (retrospective survey) ปรากฏว่า [[คนไทย|ชายไทย]]ที่สุขภาพสมบูรณ์แข็งแรง เกิดอาการหลับและเสียชีวิต อย่างฉับพลันและไร้สาเหตุในระหว่าง พ.ศ. 2525 ถึง 2533 จำนวน 230 คน<ref>{{cite journal|author=Goh KT, Chao TC, Chew CH|title=Sudden nocturnal deaths among Thai construction workers in Singapore|journal=Lancet|year=1990|volume=335|issue=8698|pages=1154|pmid=1971883|doi=10.1016/0140-6736 (90) 91153-2}}</ref> ใน[[ประเทศฟิลิปปินส์]] ปรากฏว่า ในปีหนึ่ง โรคใหลตายคร่าชีวิตชาวฟิลิปปินส์ไป ร้อยละ 43 ต่อ 10,000 คน โดยผู้เคราะห์ร้ายส่วนใหญ่เป็นชายวัยรุ่น<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gervacio-Domingo|first=G.|coauthors=F . Punzalan , M . Amarillo , A . Dans|title=Sudden unexplained death during sleep occurred commonly in the general population in the Philippines: a sub study of the National Nutrition and Health Survey .|journal=Journal of Clinical Epidemiology|volume=60|issue=6|pages=561–571|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0895435606004082|accessdate=2008-12-09}}</ref>
== ศัพท์มูล ==
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== ลักษณะเด่น ==
The condition appears to affect primarily young Hmong men from [[Laos]] (median age 33) <ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.2105/AJPH.77.9.1187|journal=Am J Public Health|year=1987|volume=77|issue=9|pages=1187-90|title=Sudden death in sleep of Laotian-Hmong refugees in Thailand: a case-control study|author=Munger RG}}</ref> and northeastern Thailand (where the population are mainly of Laotian descent).<ref name="Tatsanavivat">{{cite journal|journal=Int J Epidemiol|year=1992|volume=21|issue=5|pages=904-10|title=Sudden and unexplained deaths in sleep (Laitai) of young men in rural northeastern Thailand|author=Tatsanavivat P, Chiravatkul A, Klungboonkrong V, Chaisiri S, Jarerntanyaruk L, Munger RG, Saowakontha S|pmid=1468851|doi=10.1093/ije/21.5.904}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Int J Epidemiol|year=1993|volume=22|issue=1|pages=81-7|title=Sudden unexplained death syndrome in north-east Thailand|author=Tungsanga K, Sriboonlue P|pmid=8449651|doi=10.1093/ije/22.1.81}}</ref> There is a strong hereditary component and the victims tend to die in their sleep.
== พยาธิวิทยา ==
The cause of this syndrome has been theorized to be a form of [[Brugada Syndrome]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Nademanee K, Veerakul G, Nimmannit S, ''et al.''|title=Arrhythmogenic marker for the sudden unexplained death syndrome in Thai men|journal=Circulation|year=1997|volume=96|pages=2595-2600}}</ref><ref name="pmid11823453">{{cite journal |author=Vatta M, Dumaine R, Varghese G, ''et al'' |title=Genetic and biophysical basis of sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS), a disease allelic to Brugada syndrome |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=337–45 |year=2002 |month=February |pmid=11823453 |doi= 10.1093/hmg/11.3.337|url=http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11823453}}</ref>
It was noted very early on that the disease had the characteristics of a familial cardiac conduction defect (i.e., a problem with the electrical pathways of the heart),<ref>{{cite journal|journal=JAMA|year=1986|volume=256|issue=19|pages=2700-5|title=The cardiac pathology of sudden, unexplained nocturnal death in Southeast Asian refugees|author=Kirschner RH, Eckner FA, Baron RC|pmid=3773176|doi=10.1001/jama.256.19.2700}}</ref> and one study has shown evidence for a [[long-QT syndrome]] in populations at risk.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Lancet|year=1991|volume=338|issue=8762|pages=280-1|title=Prolonged QT interval and risk of sudden death in South-East Asian men|author=Munger RG, Prineas RJ, Crow RS, Changbumrung S, Keane V, Wangsuphachart V, Jones MP|pmid=1677112|doi=10.1016/0140-6736 (91) 90419-P}}</ref> [[Thiamine deficiency]] is common in the risk population because of diet, and is also a cause of a prolonged QT-interval;<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Lancet|year=1990|volume=335|issue=8698|pages=1154-5
| title = Thiamine and sudden death in sleep of South-East Asian refugees|author=Munger RG, Booton EA|pmid=1971884
| doi = 10.1016/0140-6736 (90) 91154-3}}</ref> but proof that inducible ventricular arrhythmia is the cause of this disease came only with the publication of the DEBUT trial in 2003.<ref name="DEBUT">{{cite journal|journal=Circulation|year=2003|volume=107|issue=17|pages=2221-6|title=Defibrillator Versus beta-Blockers for Unexplained Death in Thailand (DEBUT) : a randomized clinical trial|author=Nademanee K, Veerakul G, Mower M, ''et al.''|pmid=|doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000066319.56234.C8}}</ref>
Ongoing genetic studies by Spanish electrophysiologist Dr. Josep Brugada Terradellas show that SUDS results from mutations in the cardiac sodium channel gene. This means that it is a chromosomal problem, which is why it runs in families. Therefore doctors say that families who have kin that have suffered from or died of SUDS must see a heart specialist.
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== ความเชื่อ ==
This phenomenon is well known among the Hmong people of Laos,<ref name="Alder1995">{{cite journal|journal=Soc Sci Med|year=1995|volume=40|issue=12|pages=1623-9|title=Refugee stress and folk belief: Hmong sudden deaths|author=Adler SR|pmid=7660175|doi=10.1016/0277-9536 (94) 00347-V}}</ref> who ascribe these deaths to a malign spirit, ''dab tsuam'' (pronounced "da cho"), said to take the form of a jealous woman. Hmong men may even go to sleep dressed as women so as to avoid the attentions of this spirit.
Bangungot is depicted in the Philippines as a mythological creature called [[batibat]]. This [[hag|hag-like]] creature sits on the victim's face or chest so as to immobilize and suffocate him.
== Names in different languages ==
* ''Bangungot'' (Philippines) <ref>{{cite journal|journal=Int J Epidemiol|year=1998|volume=27|issue=4|pages=677-84|title=Bangungut in Manila: sudden and unexplained death in sleep of adult Filipinos|author=Munger RG, Booton EA|pmid=9758125|doi=10.1093/ije/27.4.677}}</ref>: The term originated from the [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] word meaning "to rise and moan in sleep".<ref name="bangungutmanila"/> It is also the Tagalog word for [[nightmares]].
* ''Dab tsog'' (Laos) <ref name="Alder1995"/>
* ''Laitai'' (Thailand) <ref name="Tatsanavivat"/><ref name="pmid17124999">{{cite journal |author=Himmunngan P, Sangwatanaroj S, Petmitr S, Viroonudomphol D, Siriyong P, Patmasiriwat P |title=HLa-class II (DRB & DQB1) in Thai sudden unexplained death syndrome (Thai SUDS) families (Lai-Tai families) |journal=Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=357–65 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=17124999 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* ''Pokkuri'' disease (Japan) <ref>{{cite journal|journal=Jpn Circ J|year=1976|volume=40|issue=7|pages=753-68|title=A histopathological study on the conduction system of the so-called "Pokkuri disease" (sudden unexpected cardiac death of unknown origin in Japan|author=Gotoh K|pmid=966364}}</ref>, ''hukuri''
-->
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