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'''[[Rome]]''' is regarded as one of the world's most beautiful ancient cities,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webecoist.com/2009/06/03/10-of-the-worlds-most-beautiful-ancient-cities/ |title=10 of the World's Most Beautiful Ancient Cities &#124; WebEcoist &#124; Green Living |publisher=WebEcoist |date= |accessdate=2009-10-17}}</ref> and contains vast amounts of priceless works of [[art]], [[palace]]s, [[museum]]s, [[park]]s, [[church (building)|churches]], [[garden]]s, [[basilica]]s, [[temple]]s, [[villa]]s, [[piazza]]s, [[theatre]]s, and other [[venue]]s in general. As one of the world's most important and visited cities,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.euromonitor.com/Top_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way |title=Top 150 City Destinations London Leads the Way |publisher=[[Euromonitor International]] |author= Caroline Bremner |accessdate=2008-11-09}}</ref> there are numerous popular tourist attractions. In 2005, the city received 19.5 million global visitors, up of 22.1% from 2001.<ref name="rapporto2006">[http://www.censis.it/277/372/5732/5766/5783/5784/content.asp Rapporto Censis 2006]</ref>
 
==List==
=== Religious edifices ===
{{Main|Churches of Rome}}
 
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
! Types !! Building !! Period !! Description !! Picture
|-
| Basilica || [[St Peter's Basilica]] || 16th century || Found in the [[Vatican City]], it is near where the [[Pope]] resides, and it is one of the most important centres for Christian pilgrimage, and is commonly regarded as the "home of the Roman Catholic Church", since it is where [[St Peter]] set up the first [[Christian Church]].<ref>http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11744a.htm</ref>
|-
| Basilica, Cathedral || [[Basilica of St John Lateran]] || 16th century || The official ecclesiastical seat of the [[bishop of Rome]] (pope), its a major tourist attraction in the city, and Rome's cathedral ||
|-
| Basilica || [[Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore]] || ancient Rome, 15th-16th century || Another exceedingly important Roman Catholic church in the city, it is also one of the four basilicas of the city, a Marian church, and a papal church too. ||
|-
| Basilica || [[Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls]] || Romanesque, medieval || Another of the four great basilicas of Rome, too a very important and visited religious building. || [[File:Roma San Paolo fuori le mura BW 1.JPG|150px]]
|-
| Basilica || [[Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura]] || Paleochristian, romanesque || A smaller basilica, it is an ancient paleo-Christian one, with ancient interiors || [[File:San Lorenzo fuori le mura - facade.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Basilica || [[Sant'Andrea della Valle]] || 16th-17th centuries, Baroque, Renaissance || Located in the Sant'Eustachio rione of Rome, it is known for its ornate Baroque/Renaissance facade, and rich interior || [[File:Sant Andrea della Valle Roma.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Basilica || [[Santa Maria in Trastevere]] || 4th century Paleo-Christian architecture || One of the oldest churches in the city, opened in the mid-4th century AD, it is a minor titular basilica in the [[Trastevere]] quarter. is 1880s as a church to serve Rome's Church of England community, it has an English neo-Gothic appearance, yet, it is sculpted in Italian marble. || [[File:Santa Maria in Trastevere Nave.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Basilica || [[Santa Maria sopra Minerva]] || Gothic, Renaissance, 19th century facade and stained-glass windows || A minor titular basilica, the Basilica of Santa Maria sopra Minerva is an example of Roman Gothic architecture. It has a 19th century facade, and also a Gothic interior, with an ancient nave. || [[File:Santa Maria sopra Minerva 2002-11.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Roman Catholic Church || [[San Pietro in Montorio]] ("[[Tempietto]]") || 16th-17th centuries Renaissance architecture || One of the city's several churches, the San Pietro in Montorio is well-known for its "Tempietto", a small circular [[martyrium]] designed to look like a classical temple by [[Donato Bramante]], which is found in the church's courtyard. || [[File:Tempietto mit Glockenturm.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Basilica || [[Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Rome|Santi Giovanni e Paolo]] || late-4th century Paleo-Christian || Another of the city's ancient churches, it was founded in 498 AD. It is well-known for its lavish interior, notably its chandeliers (the ones at present are believed to date back to the 18th century). || [[File:Roma-sangiovanniepaolo01.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Roman Catholic Church || [[Santa Cecilia in Trastevere]] || 5th century, Paleo-Christian, Baroque 18th century facade || Another ancient church in the city, it is dedicated to [[Saint Cecilia]]. It has a Baroque facade cosntructed by [[Ferdinando Fuga]] in 1725. || [[File:048SCeciliaTrastevere.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Anglican Church || [[All Saints' Church, Rome|All Saints']] || late-19th century neo-gothic architecture || Founded in the 1880s as a church to serve Rome's Church of England community, it has an English neo-Gothic appearance, yet, it is sculpted in Italian marble. || [[File:Campo Marzio - All Saints' Church 3.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Synagogue || [[Great Synagogue of Rome]] || early 20th century, eclectic architecture with slight neo-classical and Jewish influences || The biggest and main synagogue of Rome, it provided a place of worship to the city's Jewish community ever since 1901-1904, when the current eclectic edifice was constructed || [[File:Synagogue Rome NE.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Mosque || [[Mosque of Rome]] || 1990s, built in traditional middle-eastern Islamic style || Finished in 1995, the Mosque of Rome is the biggest in Europe, even surpassing the [[Great Mosque of Paris]], and is an important centre amongst Rome's growing Muslim community || [[File:Moschea - sala principale 00531.JPG|150px]]
|}
 
===Secular edifices, parks, public spaces and monuments===
{{see also|List of museums in Rome}}
 
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
! Types !! Building !! Period !! Description !! Picture
|-
| Museum, art gallery || [[Vatican Museums]] || 16th century || Found too in the [[Vatican City]], it contains a huge collection of several artifacts from all periods, and is Rome's leading and most visited museum. In 2007, the museum received 4.310 million visitors<ref name="touring.it">[http://www.touring.it/Pdf/dossier/Musei2008.pdf Dossier Musei 2008 - Touring Club Italiano]</ref>, making it Rome's most popular monument. || [[File:Musei Vaticani. Braccio Nuovo.JPG|150px]]
|-
| Founatin || [[Trevi Fountain]] || 18th century, Roman Baroque || One of the most recognizable and iconic monuments in the city, the Trevi Fountain was designed and completed in the 18th century. Several tourists come to the fountain in order to throw a coin, which is, according to a local legend, supposed to bring good luck. It was also famous for having featured in a major scene of [[Federico Fellini]]'s 1960 ''[[La Dolce Vita]]''. || [[File:Trevi fountain lamp.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Flight of stairs and public square || [[Spanish Steps]] and Piazza di Spagna || 18th century, Baroque || One of the city's top attractions, the flight of 138 stairs is the biggest in Europe.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Linda |last=Boyer Gillies|title=An Eighteenth-Century Roman View Panini's Scalinata della Trinità dei Monti|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|volume=30|issue=4 |date=February 1972|pages=176–184|doi=10.2307/3258528}}</ref> They are topped by the Trinita dei Monti church, and below there is the large Piazza di Spagna. The Piazza di Spagna is also a major shopping destination in the city, and hosts several designer boutiques such as [[Missoni]].|| [[File:Rom Spanish Steps BW 1.JPG|150px]]
|-
| Street || [[Via dei Condotti]] || Mixture, notably 16th, 17th and 18th century architecture || Rome's leading shopping street, it contains a wide category of ''high-fashion'' or ''haute-couture'' boutiques and salons, such as [[Valentino SpA|Valentino]], [[Bulgari]], [[Gucci]], [[Dolce & Gabbana]], [[Zara]], [[Louis Vuitton]], [[Chanel]], [[Armani|Giorgio Armani]], [[Prada]] and [[Dior]], the headquarters, ateliers or major offices of major flaghsip labels such as, and also several of the city's finest restaurants, cafes, antique shops and bars. || [[File:Piazza di Spagna.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Street || [[Via del Corso]] || Complete mixture || One of Rome's busiest, biggest and most important streets, the Via del Corso used to be called the [[Via Lata]]. It is one of the very few streets in the city to be completely straight, and contains several monuments, palaces, hotels, restaurants, shops and other forms of commerce in general. || [[File:Roma, vista 04 via del corso.JPG|150px]]
|-
| Tea and breakfast room, food shop || [[Babington's tea room]] || founded in late-19th century, 18th century decor || An ancient tea and breakfast room in the Piazza di Spagna, it was founded by two British ladies residing in Rome in 1893,<ref>http://www.babingtons.net/en/tearoom.php</ref> as a place where English tourists and expatriates could eat local food. It currently serves foods such as [[English breakfast]], [[sweet]]s, [[tea]], cup and tea [[cake]]s, [[muffin]]s, [[scone]]s and [[crumpet]]s. || [[File:Rome-PlaceEspagne.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Square || [[Piazza del Popolo]] || 19th century neoclassicism || A fine example of early Roman neoclassical architecture, the name means "Square of the people", yet its real name derives from the poplar treese which used to line the square. It contains several status, an obelisk and the [[Santa Maria del Popolo]] church. || [[File:Rome-Piazza del Popolo-Obélisque et églises Santa Maria.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Shopping gallery || [[Galleria Alberto Sordi]] || early-20th century Art Nouveau || Constructed in Art Nouveau, or ''Liberty'' style in 1914, the Galleria Alberto Sordi is an arcaded shopping gallery, similar in style to the [[Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II]] in [[Milan]], and it contains several shops, cafes, bookstores and boutiques. || [[File:Galleria Alberto Sordi 2918-20.JPG|150px]]
|-
| Street, talking fountain || [[Via del Babuino]] and ''il Babuino'' speaking fountain || Mixture, notably pre-19th century || Another of Rome's top shopping streets, it too contains some major fashion boutiques, including Gente, [[Etro]], [[Emporio Armani]] and [[Prada|Prada Casual]], but also several young designer-wear and knitwear stores, antique shops and jewelers. The street also contains ''il babuino'', one of Rome's speaking fountains (a fountain where several people discuss and voice their political and social ideas). Once, the fountain was covered with political graffiti and different notices, messages and placards, yet, all of this has been removed and anti-graffiti paint has been sprayed around the fountain, since several complained that all the messages and slogans were ruining the appearance of the street. Via del Babuino also contains the Church of England All Saints Church, for Rome's Anglican community. || [[File:Campo Marzio - Palazzo Sterbini 2.JPG|150px]]
|-
| Street || [[Via Veneto]] || Mixture, notably 18th and 19th century architecture, and significant Art Nouveau buildings || One of the city's most expensive, famous and luxurious streets, it was epitomised in the 1950s and 60s in Federico Fellini's 1960 ''La Dolce Vita''. Today, it contains several exclusive apartments, grand hotels and elegant shops. || [[File:Via Veneto.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Public square || [[Piazza Colonna]] || 16th century Renaissance, including some Baroque 18th and 19th century buildings || Originally an ancient Roman square, it currently is flocked by fine Renaissance ''palazzi'' and is centred by the ancient Roman Column of Marcus Aurelius. It contains several important governmental and political structures, such as the [[Palazzo Chigi]], the seat of the [[government of Italy]] and originally the official embassy of [[Austria-Hungary]]. || [[File:PiazzaColonna.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Square || [[Piazza Navona]] || Relative mixture, predominantly 15th, 16th and 17th century Renaissance and Baroque architecture || One of the city's best known squares, or ''piazzas'', it is known for its impressive Renaissance and Baroque architecture, several fine buildings, monuments and churches, and numerous open-air bars, pizzerias, restaurants, cafes, stalls and artists. || [[Image:IMG Navona0166.JPG|150px]]
|-
| Palace, legal and governmental building || '''Palazzo di Giustizia''' ("Palazzaccio") || late-19th century, early 20th century neo-Renaissance architecture || Started in 1889 and completed in 1910, the Palazzo di Giustizia (literally, "Palace of Justice") currently hosts Italy's main law courts. These courts are stituated in a grand turn-of-the-century neo-Renaissance palace. || [[Image:002PalazzoGiustiziaRoma.JPG|150px]]
|-
| Square, fountain || [[Piazza della Repubblica]] and the Fontana delle Naidi || Eclectic, mainly 18th - early-20th century neoclassical architecture || With a semi-circular formation, this piazza is one of the city's finest neoclassical public squares. Today, the buildings surrounding the square host offices, companies, restaurants, banks and insurance and travel agencies. The middle of the square contains the Fontana delle Naidi, made in 1911 and showing fierce sea-[[nymph]]s. || [[Image:Piazza della repubblica hdr.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Cafe || [[Antico Caffè Greco]] || 18th century decor || A historic and ancient cafe, it was founded in 1760 in the [[Via dei Condotti]], it has 18th and 19th century interior decor. It has hosted several intellectuals and important foreigners, such as [[Lord Byron]], [[Goethe]], [[Liszt]] and [[Keats]].|| [[Image:PI5190Via Condetti~1.JPG|150px]]
|-
| Villa, art gallery, park and garden || [[Villa Borghese]] and the [[Villa Borghese gardens]] || 16th-17th centuries || The main villa of the city, once oned by the noble Borghese family and later the [[Bonaparte]]s ([[Pauline Bonaparte]]), it currently is one of Rome's top artistic galleries, and also contains a major park, with several lakes, features, and follies. || [[File:Villa Borghese - laghetto 01206-8.JPG|150px]]
|-
| Museums and public square || [[Capitoline Museums]] and the Piazza del Campidoglio || 15th-16th century Renaissance architecture || Found in the Piazza del Campidoglio on the Capitol Hill, the square and the museums were designed by [[Michelangelo]] in 1471. Today, they mainly host ancient Roman and Greek sculptures and works of art. The Piazza del Campidoglio is renowned for its symmetrical Renaissance architecture, and also hosts the Rome city hall. || [[File:Roma campidoglio notte bianca 2006.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Public monument || [[Monument of Vittorio Emanuele II]] || early-20th century, neo-classical style || Built in the early 20th century, the Monument, also called the "Altare della Patria" (Altar of the homeland), is one of Rome's most notable monuments. Built in a neo-classical style, with a grandiose flight of stairs and colonnade, it is a controversial monument - its grandeur and pomp has made it often receive the names of "giant type-writer", "wedding-cake" and "zuppa inglese" (an Italian dessert). || [[File:Rom 01 (RaBoe).jpg|150px]]
|-
| Market-square, open space || [[Campo dei Fiori]] || Eclectic, notably late-13th, 14th, 15th and 16th century buildings || Literally meaning "flower field", due to its status once as a meadow, this public square has for centuries - and still does - serve as an important market-place, and the piazza is flocked with several Medieval and Renaissance palaces and churches. || [[File:Roma Campo de Fiori BW 1.JPG|150px]]
|-
| Business, public and residential district || [[Esposizione Universale Roma]] (EUR) || Notably mid-20th century Fascist, late-neoclassical and modernist architecture || Intended to be the district to host Rome's Universal Exposition, which in the end, never occurred, it was built by [[Benito Mussolini]] in the 1930s and 40s, and used to be called the E42. It is often considered one of the best examples of planned [[Fascist architecture]], and is often considered one of the most serene and livable quarters of the city, yet its austere architecture has often arisen to much controversy. || [[Image:Roma-eurpalazzoina01.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Palace, political building and residence || [[Palazzo del Quirinale]] || 16th-18th centuries || The official residence of the [[President of the Italian Republic]], the Qurinial Palace is built in a Renaissance/Baroque architectural style, and boasts elegant Renaissance gardens and a lavish interior. || [[File:146PalazzoQuirinale.JPG|150px]]
|-
| Villa and museum || [[Villa Giulia]] and the [[National Etruscan Museum]] || 16th century Renaissance || Found by [[Pope Julius II]] in the 1550s, the Villa Giulia is a Renaissance villa, which inside hosts the National Etruscan Museum, filled with several Etruscan and Classical treasures. || [[File:Villa Giulia modified.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Museum, art gallery || [[Galleria Doria Pamphilj]] || Roman Baroque || One of Rome's biggest and most significant private artistic collections, it is currently, and has been owned, by the family of the same name for centuries. || [[File:Roma-palazzodoriapamphili.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Ex-mausoleum, later castle and current museum || [[Castel Sant'Angelo]] || ancient Roman, medieval, Renaissance || Once the "Mausoleum of [[Hadrian]]", it later became a papal residence and currently hosts a major museum. || [[File:Castel S AngeloJanuary2004.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Academy, palace, museum and art gallery || [[Palazzo Corsini]] and the [[Accademia dell'Arcadia]] || 18th century late-Baroque/Rococo || Built by the Corsini family in the 1730s and 40s, it hosts an art academy and gallery. || [[File:Trastevere - palazzo Corsini quadreria trompe-l'oeil 1060811.JPG|150px]]
|-
| Palace || [[Palazzo Barberini]] || Renaissance/early-Baroque || This palace, or ''palazzo'' is one of the greatest examples of Roman Renaissance and early-Baroque architecture. It was made in the 16th century, and is known for its staircase || [[File:Palazzo Barberini, Roma.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Museum, art gallery, exhibition centre || [[National Museum of Rome]] || Art-Nouveau/Neo-classical, late-19th century architecture || The National Museum of Rome, founded in 1890, is one of the city's main museums, and is a leading centre of expositions and the arts. ||[[File:Villa Borghese - Fontane Oscure e Galleria Nazionale Arte moderna 01216-7.JPG|150px]]
|}
 
===Classical and ancient Roman sites===
{{Main|List of ancient monuments in Rome}}
 
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
! Types !! Building !! Period !! Description !! Picture
|-
| Amphitheatre || [[Colosseum]] || ancient Roman || Arguably one of Rome's most famous and iconic monuments, it is one of the Roman world's biggest amphitheatres and is one of the city's most visited attractions. It is regarded as being a [[Wonders of the World|wonder of the medieval world]]<ref name=brewers>I H Evans (reviser), ''Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable'' (Centenary edition Fourth impression (corrected); London: Cassell, 1975), page 1163</ref><ref name=miller>[[Francis Trevelyan Miller]], [[Woodrow Wilson]], [[William Howard Taft]], [[Theodore Roosevelt]]. ''America, the Land We Love'' (1915), [http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC00334597&id=UAMqLz88aXAC&pg=PA201&lpg=PA201&dq=%22seven+wonders+of+the+middle+ages%22 page 201].</ref> || [[File:Colosseum in Rome, Italy - April 2007.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Roman Forum || [[Roman Forum]] || ancient Roman || The Forum of ancient Rome, and the centre of the city's politics and business at the time. || [[File:Forum Romanum April 2007.jpg|150px]]
|-
| Temple || [[Pantheon, Rome|Pantheon]] || ancient Roman || It is a classical building in the city, originally built by [[Marcus Agrippa]] as a [[temple]] to all the gods of Ancient Rome, and rebuilt in the early 2nd century AD. A near-contemporary writer, [[Cassius Dio]], speculates that the name comes from the statues of many gods placed around the building, or from the resemblance of the dome to the heavens.<ref>Quoted in {{cite book|last=MacDonald|first=William|title=The Pantheon: design, meaning, and progeny|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, MA|year=2002|edition=2|page=76|isbn=9780674010192}}</ref> || [[Image:Pantheon novembre 2004.jpg|150px]]
|}
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