ผลต่างระหว่างรุ่นของ "ปากแหว่งเพดานโหว่"

imageไฟล์:Cleftpalate3Cleftpalate3.png|Incomplete cleft palate

imageไฟล์:Cleftpalate1Cleftpalate1.png|Unilateral complete lip and palate

imageไฟล์:Cleftpalate2Cleftpalate2.png|Bilateral complete lip and palate

A direct result of an open connection between the [[oral cavity]] and [[nasal cavity]] is '''velopharyngeal insufficiency''' ([[velopharyngeal inadequacy|VPI]]). Because of the gap, air leaks into the nasal cavity resulting in a hypernasal [[voice]] [[resonance]] and nasal emissions.<ref name="Sloan">{{cite journal |author=Sloan GM |title=Posterior pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty: the state of the art |journal=Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=112–22 |year=2000 |pmid=10749049 |doi=10.1597/1545-1569 (2000) 037<0112:PPFASP>2.3.CO;2}}</ref> Secondary effects of VPI include speech [[articulation]] errors (e.g., [[distortions]], substitutions, and omissions) and compensatory misarticulations (e.g., [[glottal stop]]s and posterior nasal [[fricative]]s).<ref>Hill, J.S. (2001). Velopharyngeal insufficiency: An update on diagnostic and surgical techniques. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 9, 365-368.</ref>. Possible treatment options include [[speech therapy]], prosthetics, augmentation of the posterior pharyngeal wall, lengthening of the palate, and [[Pharyngeal flap surgery|surgical procedures]].<ref name="Sloan" />