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ผลต่างระหว่างรุ่นของ "แอมเฟตามีน"

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บรรทัด 23:
| metabolism = [[CYP2D6]],<ref name="FDA Pharmacokinetics" /> [[Dopamine β-hydroxylase|DBH]],<ref name="Substituted amphetamines, FMO, and DBH" /><ref name="DBH amph primary" /> [[Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3|FMO3]]<ref name="Substituted amphetamines, FMO, and DBH" /><ref name="FMO" /><ref name="FMO3-Primary" />
| elimination_half-life = {{nowrap|{{abbr|D-amph|dextroamphetamine}}}}: {{nowrap|9–11}}&nbsp;ชั่วโมง<ref name="FDA Pharmacokinetics" /><ref name="Adderall IR">{{cite web | title=Adderall- dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate tablet | website=DailyMed | publisher = Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. | date=8 November 2019 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f22635fe-821d-4cde-aa12-419f8b53db81 | access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref><br />{{nowrap|{{abbr|L-amph|levoamphetamine}}}}: {{nowrap|11–14}}&nbsp;ชั่วโมง<ref name="FDA Pharmacokinetics" /><ref name="Adderall IR" /><br />[[pH]]-dependent: {{nowrap|7–34}}&nbsp;ชั่วโมง<ref name="HSDB Toxnet October 2017 Full archived record" />
| metabolites = {{nowrap|[[4-hydroxyamphetamine]]}}, {{nowrap|[[4-hydroxynorephedrine]]}}, {{nowrap|[[4-hydroxyphenylacetone]]}}, [[benzoic acid]], [[hippuric acid]], [[norephedrine]], [[phenylacetone]]<ref name="FDA Pharmacokinetics" /><ref name="Metabolites"/>
| onset = {{abbr|IR|Immediate release}} dosing: {{nowrap|30–60}}&nbsp;minutes<ref name="Medscape Adderall Pharmacology">{{Cite encyclopedia|title = amphetamine/dextroamphetamine | section = Pharmacology |section-url = http://reference.medscape.com/drug/adderall-amphetamine-%20%20dextroamphetamine-342997#10 | website = Medscape | publisher = WebMD | access-date = 21 January 2016 | quote = Onset of action: 30–60 min }}</ref><br />{{abbr|XR|Extended release}} dosing: {{nowrap|1.5–2}}&nbsp;hours<ref name="Millichap: onset, peak, and duration">{{cite book | author = Millichap JG | editor = Millichap JG | title = Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Handbook: A Physician's Guide to ADHD | year = 2010 | publisher = Springer | location = New York | isbn = 9781441913968 | pages = 112 | edition = 2nd | chapter = Chapter 9: Medications for ADHD | quote = <br />Table 9.2 Dextroamphetamine formulations of stimulant medication<br />Dexedrine [Peak:2–3&nbsp;h] [Duration:5–6&nbsp;h]&nbsp;...<br />Adderall [Peak:2–3&nbsp;h] [Duration:5–7&nbsp;h]<br />Dexedrine spansules [Peak:7–8&nbsp;h] [Duration:12&nbsp;h]&nbsp;...<br />Adderall XR [Peak:7–8&nbsp;h] [Duration:12&nbsp;h]<br />Vyvanse [Peak:3–4&nbsp;h] [Duration:12&nbsp;h]}}</ref><ref name="XR onset-duration">{{cite journal | vauthors = Brams M, Mao AR, Doyle RL | title = Onset of efficacy of long-acting psychostimulants in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | journal =Postgraduate Medicine| volume = 120 | issue = 3 | pages = 69–88 | date = September 2008 | pmid = 18824827 | doi = 10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1909| s2cid = 31791162 }}</ref>
| duration_of_action = {{abbr|IR|Immediate release}} dosing: {{nowrap|3–6}}&nbsp;hours<ref name="Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology" /><ref name="Millichap: onset, peak, and duration" /><ref name="Narcolepsy guide">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mignot EJ | title = A practical guide to the therapy of narcolepsy and hypersomnia syndromes | journal =Neurotherapeutics| volume = 9 | issue = 4 | pages = 739–752 | date = October 2012 | pmid = 23065655 | pmc = 3480574 | doi = 10.1007/s13311-012-0150-9 }}</ref><br /> {{abbr|XR|Extended release}} dosing: {{nowrap|8–12}}&nbsp;hours<ref name="Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology" /><ref name="Millichap: onset, peak, and duration" /><ref name="Narcolepsy guide"/>
| excretion = Primarily [[renal]];<br />[[pH]]-dependent {{nowrap|range: 1–75%}}<ref name="FDA Pharmacokinetics" />
| pregnancy_US = C
เส้น 59 ⟶ 62:
<ref name="Drugbank-amph">{{cite web| url = https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00182| title = Amphetamine {{!}} DrugBank Online| first1 = David S.| last1 = Wishart| author-link1 = David S. Wishart| first2 = Yannick| last2 = Djombou Feunang| first3 = An Chi| last3 = Guo| first4 = Elvis J.| last4 = Lo| first5 = Ana| last5 = Marcu| first6 = Jason R.| last6 = Grant| first7 = Tanvir| last7 = Sajed| first8 = Daniel| last8 = Johnson| first9 = Carin| last9 = Li| first10 = Zinat| last10 = Sayeeda| first11 = Nazanin| last11 = Assempour| first12 = Ithayavani| last12 = Iynkkaran| first13 = Yifeng| last13 = Liu| first14 = Adam| last14 = Maciejewski| first15 = Nicola| last15 = Gale| first16 = Alex| last16 = Wilson| first17 = Lucy| last17 = Chin| first18 = Ryan| last18 = Cummings| first19 = Diana| last19 = Le| first20 = Allison| last20 = Pon| first21 = Craig| last21 = Knox| first22 = Michael| last22 = Wilson| website = [[DrugBank]]| version = 5.0| name-list-style = vanc}}</ref>
<ref name="HSDB Toxnet October 2017 Full archived record">{{cite encyclopedia | title=Amphetamine | section=Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics | url=http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+300-62-9 | work=United States National Library of Medicine&nbsp;– Toxicology Data Network | publisher=Hazardous Substances Data Bank | access-date=2 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002194327/https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search2/cgi-bin/sis/search2/f?.%2Ftemp%2F~mdjW95%3A1%3AFULL | archive-date=2 October 2017 | quote=Duration of effect varies depending on agent and urine pH. Excretion is enhanced in more acidic urine. Half-life is 7 to 34&nbsp;hours and is, in part, dependent on urine pH (half-life is longer with alkaline urine).&nbsp;... Amphetamines are distributed into most body tissues with high concentrations occurring in the brain and CSF. Amphetamine appears in the urine within about 3&nbsp;hours following oral administration.&nbsp;... Three days after a dose of (+ or -)-amphetamine, human subjects had excreted 91% of the (14)C in the urine }}</ref>
<ref name="Metabolites">{{cite journal |vauthors=Santagati NA, Ferrara G, Marrazzo A, Ronsisvalle G | title = Simultaneous determination of amphetamine and one of its metabolites by HPLC with electrochemical detection | journal = Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis | volume = 30 | issue = 2 | pages = 247–255 |date=September 2002 | pmid = 12191709 | doi =10.1016/S0731-7085(02)00330-8 }}</ref>
<ref name="Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology">{{cite book | vauthors=Stahl SM | title=Prescriber's Guide: Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology | date=March 2017 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=Cambridge, United Kingdom | isbn=9781108228749 | pages=45–51 | edition=6th | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9hssDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA45 | chapter=Amphetamine (D,L) | access-date=5 August 2017 }}</ref>
}}
 
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