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{{Refimprove|date=January 2012}}
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|color= black
|stylistic_origins={{hlist|[[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]|[[jazz fusion]]}}
|cultural_origins=Lateปลายปี 1980s1980s, [[North Americaอเมริกาเหนือ]] & [[UKสหราชอาณาจักร]]
|instruments={{hlist|[[turntablism|Turntables (DJ)]]|[[saxophoneแซกโซโฟน]]|[[fluteฟลูต]]|[[trumpetทรัมเป็ต]]|[[tromboneทรอมโบน]]|[[clarinetแคลริเน็ต]]|[[pianoเปียโน]]|[[electric guitarกีตาร์ไฟฟ้า]]|[[electric bassกีตาร์เบส]]|[[drum kit|drumsกลองชุด]]}}
|popularity= Medium during late 1980s; High during 1990s & 2000s.
|derivatives= {{hlist|[[Nu jazz]]|[[Trip hop]]|[[Chillhop]]}}
|subgenrelist=
|subgenres=
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}}
 
'''แจ๊ส แร๊พ''' ({{Lang-en|Jazz Rap }}) หรือแจ๊สฮอป[Jazz Hop]] เป็นลักษณะ[[ดนตรี]]หรือแนวเพลงชนิดหนึ่งที่ผสมระหว่าง [[ฮิปฮอป]] และ [[แจ๊ส]], ถูกพัฒนาขึ้นในช่วงปลายปี 1980s จนถึงต้นปี 1990s. เว็บไซต์[[AllMusicออลมิวสิก]] ได้อธิบายลักษณะของแนวเพลงนี้ไว้ว่า "was an attempt to fuse African-American music of the past with a newly dominant form of the present, paying tribute to and reinvigorating the former while expanding the horizons of the latterเป็นความพยายามที่จะหลอมรวมเพลงแอฟริกันอเมริกันจากอดีตด้วยรูปแบบที่โดดเด่นขึ้นเพื่อให้เข้ากับรูปแบบของแนวเพลงปัจจุบัน".<ref>[{{Allmusic|class=explore|id=style/d2920|pure_url=yes}} Jazz-Rap]. Allmusic. Accessed October 29, 2008.</ref> Musically, theอย่างไรก็ตาม rhythms have been typically those of hip hop rather than jazzจังหวะของแนวเพลงนี้คล้ายกับฮิปฮอปมากกว่าเพลงแจ๊ส, overมีถ้อยคำและเสียงอื่นๆที่หลากหลายกว่าเดิมถูกวางและใช้ซ้ำๆ whichในการแต่งเพลง are placed repetitive phrases of jazz instrumentationเช่น: trumpetทรัมเป็ต, double bassดับเบิลเบส, etcและอื่นๆ. Lyrics are often based on political consciousness, [[Afrocentrism]], and general [[Political positivism|positivism]].<ref>Borthwick, Stuart; Moy, Ron (2004). ''Popular Music Genres: An Introduction'', p. 166. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1745-0.</ref> [[A Tribe Called Quest]], [[De La Soul]], [[Dream Warriors (band)|Dream Warriors]], and [[Digable Planets]] are pioneers of the jazz rap genreเนื้อเพลงมักจะเกี่ยวกับจิตสำนึกทางการเมืองหรือการสะท้อนสังคมในช่วงเวลานั้นๆ.
 
==Precursor==
(2nd ed. London: Rough Guides, 2005) lists [[Louis Armstrong]]'s 1925 recording of "[[Heebie Jeebies (composition)|Heebie Jeebies]]" in his timeline of hip hop. In the 1970s, [[The Last Poets]], [[Gil Scott-Heron]], and [[The Watts Prophets]] placed spoken word and rhymed poetry over jazzy backing tracks. There are also parallels between jazz and the improvised phrasings of [[freestyle rap]]. Despite these disparate threads, jazz rap did not coalesce as a genre until the late 1980s.
 
==Beginnings of a trend==
In 1985, [[jazz fusion]] band [[Cargo (jazz band)|Cargo]], led by [[Mike Carr (musician)|Mike Carr]], released the single "Jazz Rap", appearing on the album ''Jazz Rap, Volume One'' [http://www.discogs.com/Cargo-Jazz-Rap-Volume-One/master/260299]. In 1988, [[Gang Starr]] released the debut single "Words I Manifest", sampling [[Dizzy Gillespie]]'s 1952 "Night in Tunisia", and [[Stetsasonic]] released "Talkin' All That Jazz", sampling [[Lonnie Liston Smith]]. Gang Starr's debut LP, ''[[No More Mr. Nice Guy (Gang Starr album)|No More Mr. Nice Guy]]'' ([[Wild Pitch Records|Wild Pitch]], 1989), and their track "Jazz Thing" ([[Columbia Records#The 1960s|CBS]], 1990) for the soundtrack of ''[[Mo' Better Blues]]'', further popularized the jazz rap style.
 
==ศิลปินหรือผู้ผลิตเพลงแจ๊สแรพที่มีชื่อเสียง==
==Native Tongues==
[[image:Jazzwevegot.jpg|thumb|The design of [[Tribe Called Quest]]'s 1991 single emulates the famous [[Blue Note]] style and logo.]]
Groups making up the collective known as the [[Native Tongues]] tended toward jazzy releases: these include the [[Jungle Brothers]]' debut ''[[Straight Out the Jungle]]'' (Warlock, 1988) and [[A Tribe Called Quest]]'s ''[[People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm]]'' ([[Jive Records|Jive]], 1990) and ''[[The Low End Theory]]'' (Jive, 1991). ''The Low End Theory'' has become one of hip hop's [[List of hip hop albums considered to be influential|most acclaimed albums]], and also earned praise from jazz bassist [[Ron Carter]], who played double bass on one track. [[De La Soul]]'s ''[[Buhloone Mindstate]]'' ([[Tommy Boy records|Tommy Boy]], 1993) featured contributions from [[Maceo Parker]], [[Fred Wesley]], and [[Pee Wee Ellis]], and samples from [[Eddie Harris]], [[Lou Donaldson]], [[Duke Pearson]] and [[Milt Jackson]].
 
Also of this period was [[Toronto]]-based [[Dream Warriors (band)|Dream Warriors]]' 1991 release ''[[And Now the Legacy Begins]]'' ([[Island Records|Island]]). It produced the hit singles "My Definition of a Boombastic Jazz Style" and "Wash Your Face in My Sink". The first of these was based on a loop taken from [[Quincy Jones]]' "[[Soul Bossa Nova]]", while the second sampled [[Count Basie]]'s 1967 rendition of "[[Hang On Sloopy]]". Meanwhile, [[Los Angeles]] hip hop group [[Freestyle Fellowship]] pursued a different route of jazz influence in recordings with unusual [[time signatures]] and [[scat singing|scat]]-influenced vocals.
 
==Jazz artists come to hip hop==
Though jazz rap had achieved little mainstream success, jazz legend [[Miles Davis]]' final album (released posthumously in 1992), ''[[Doo-Bop]]'', featured hip hop beats and collaborations with producer [[Easy Mo Bee]]. Davis' ex-bandmate [[Herbie Hancock]] returned to hip hop influences in the mid-nineties, releasing the album ''[[Dis Is da Drum]]'' in 1994. Jazz musician [[Branford Marsalis]] collaborated with Gang Starr's [[DJ Premier]] on his [[Buckshot LeFonque]] project that same year. Between 1993 and 2000 fellow Gang Starr member [[Guru]] released ''Jazzmatazz'', which featured guest appearances from jazz artists such as [[Lonnie Liston Smith]], [[Freddie Hubbard]] and [[Donald Byrd]], amongst others.
 
==1990s–present==
[[Digable Planets]]' 1993 release ''[[Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space)]]'' was a hit jazz rap record sampling the likes of [[Don Cherry (jazz)|Don Cherry]], [[Sonny Rollins]], [[Art Blakey]], [[Herbie Mann]], [[Herbie Hancock]], [[Grant Green]], and [[Rahsaan Roland Kirk]]. It spawned the hit single "Rebirth of Slick (Cool Like Dat)". Also in 1993, [[Us3]] released ''[[Hand on the Torch]]'' on [[Blue Note Records]]. All samples were from the Blue Note catalogue. The single "[[Cantaloop]]" was Blue Note's first [[RIAA certification#List of certifications|gold]] record.
 
This period was the high-water mark for jazz rap's popularity among hip hop listeners, following which it came to be regarded for a time as a trend which was "played out". Musical jazz references became less obvious and less sustained, and lyrical references to jazz certainly more rare. However, jazz had been added to the palette of hip hop producers, and its influence continued throughout the 1990s whether behind the gritty street-tales of [[Nas]] (''[[Illmatic]]'', [[Columbia Records|Columbia]], 1994), or backing the more bohemian sensibilities of acts such as [[The Roots]] and [[Common (rapper)|Common Sense]]. Since 2000 it can be detected in the work of producers such as [[J. Rawls]], [[Nujabes]], [[Fat Jon]], [[Madlib]], [[Kero One]], and the English duo [[The Herbaliser]], among others. A project somewhat similar to Buckshot Le Fonque was [[Brooklyn Funk Essentials]], a New York-based collective who also released their first LP in 1994. [[Prince (musician)|Prince]] himself contributed to the genre on some songs from 1991 to 1992, as well as with his [[New Power Generation]] album ''[[Gold Nigga]]'', which mixed jazz, funk and hip-hop and was released very confidentially.
 
One hip hop project which continued to maintain a direct connection to jazz was [[Guru (rapper)|Guru]]'s ''[[Guru (rapper)#Jazzmatazz Albums|Jazzmatazz]]'' series, which used live jazz musicians in the studio. Spanning from 1993 to 2007, its four volumes assembled jazz luminaries like [[Freddie Hubbard]], [[Donald Byrd]], [[Courtney Pine]], [[Herbie Hancock]], [[Kenny Garrett]] and [[Lonnie Liston Smith]], and hip hop performers such as [[Kool Keith]], [[MC Solaar]], [[Common (rapper)|Common]], and Guru's Gang Starr colleague [[DJ Premier]]. In 2011 [[Kendrick Lamar]] presented Ab-Souls outro featuring [[Ab-Soul]] the song featured an off beat sycopation of jazz inspired riffs with a downbeat mashup of drum and bass and late 1940s drum beats while a mellow jazz bass in the background showing that the group Black Hippies gave tribute to old MC's while ushering in new lyrics and fresh ideas for up and coming generations so Rap Jazz or Hip Hop and Jazz could live on.
In September 2014, [[Statik Selektah]] released his album "What Goes Around" with a notable Jazz Rap influence, unique among the actual rap atmosphere. Another recent Jazz rap talent producer is Beats By The Pound (also known as [[The Medicine Men]]) with notable songs including the Jazz-inspired [[TRU (group)]] - Fuck Them Hoes, Heaven 4 A Gangsta (TRU Remix), [[Kane & Abel (group)]] - Gangstafied & God and Gunz, [[Master P]] - R.I.P., [[Make 'Em Say Uhh!]], Make Em Say Uhh #2 & [[C-Murder]] - [[Down for My N's]], [[Mystikal]] - I Rock, I Roll. In February 2015, Canadian Jazz band Badbadnotgood released 'Sour Soul' with Wu-Tang Clan rapper Ghostface Killah. A month later, Kendrick Lamar released ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'', which incorporates jazz, funk, and spoken word.
 
==Notable jazz rap artists/producers==
* [[9th Wonder]]
* [[A Tribe Called Quest]]
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* [[Mac Miller]]
 
==อ้างอิง==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_rap
 
{{hiphop}}
{{jazzfooter}}
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